Reactions of alkenes and alkynes table

Hydrohalogenation of alkene

A reaction where alkenes react with HX (HCl, HBr, HI) leading to the formation of alkyl halides via a carbocation mechanism.

Markovnikov's Rule

In the addition of HX to alkenes, hydrogen will attach to the less substituted carbon, while the halide will attach to the more substituted carbon.

Hydration of alkene

A reaction involving the addition of water (H₂O) to an alkene in the presence of an acid, resulting in the formation of an alcohol.

Halogenation of alkene

The reaction of alkenes with halogens (Cl₂ or Br₂) forming a cyclic halonium ion and leading to trans-dihalide products.

Hydrogenation of alkene

A reaction that involves adding hydrogen (H₂) to an alkene using a metal catalyst, resulting in the formation of an alkane.

Oxidation of alkene

The process of adding hydroxyl groups (OH) to alkenes, typically using KMnO₄ or OsO₄, leading to vicinal diols.

Oxidative cleavage of alkene

The breaking of the double bond in alkenes, which can lead to products such as aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids when using reagents like O₃ or hot KMnO₄.

Hydrogenation of alkyne

The addition of hydrogen to an alkyne, which can produce either a cis or trans alkene depending on the catalyst used.

Halogenation of alkyne

The addition of halogens (Br₂ or Cl₂) to an alkyne, which can lead to either a dihalide alkene or a tetrahalide depending on the amount of halogen used.

Hydrohalogenation of alkyne

A reaction where alkynes react with HX to form vinyl halides and then geminal dihalides upon further addition.

Hydration of alkyne

A reaction utilizing H₂O and Hg²⁺ that leads to the formation of ketones from alkynes.