INST and Ideas World Civil. Unit 1 Exam

History

the story of our species, a vehichle of how we understand the past and condoct our present existence

science, art, humanity

Myths

contribute to misunderstandings, miscommunication and our ability to mediate with one another

Cultural Relativisim

the idea that morality emerges from unique cultural contexts

Bipedal mobility

walking on two legs

Australopithecus Afarnsis

came from eastern and southern Africa from 2.5 to 4 million years ago. forensic evidence demonstrates that they were able to roam in trees. 1/3 the size of OUR brains and did not use very complex tools

Homo Habilis

the name means “handy man”. the first members of our genus, homo. larger brains, widespread tools. paleolithic art emerged during this era

Homo Erectus

Homo Erectus changed our diet. began walking upright, living on the ground. digestive organs changing. new predators also emerged

Human nature and problem solving

our brain works around executing patterns, dopamine, problem solving. this was crucial towards domestication.

Social changes, Homo Erectus

we moved from animalistic tendencies and care for the old, injured, disabled, elderly, pregnant. we develop in social roles

Domestication of Fire

The domestication of fire was critical for our evolution. we were able to cook our food. cooked food has more calories and caloric effeciency propelled our development

Why do we have to take our wisdom teeth out?

our teeth have impacted, our jaw no longer expands as it did. we don’t have a need to chew foods like we used to

Rice as a grain

is the most calorie efficient grain

Neanderthals

are a different species to humans. more socially behind than our homo species. smaller social group with a hypothesized different understanding of reality-dreams

when did complex societies emerger

12k years ago

Food Surplus

animals and animal labor helped us grow and become more efficient. we got a surplus in food and a new found freetime to do other things.

Mesopotamia is greek for what

land between the rivers

Animals and our Immune System

Animals exposed us to microbiomes which boosted our immune systems. This was also good for our ability to stay alive and further evolve

Jobs specialized with..

food surplus and our improved immune systems

In a hunter-gatherered band…

everyone focuses on food production

how does agriculture and livestock help humans

helps us produce much more food, not everyone has to be a farmer

specialized laborers AKA

artisans

economic con of switching to manufacturing

typically associated with a lower GPA

archeologists believed that women engaged in..

granaries, mills, textiles

why did we start trading

we have so many goods that we don’t need, so there is a natural incentive to trade, and vise versa. cultural infusion emerges because of this trade.

bartering entails what need

the need to document these transactions, debts, sales

with trading came what social dynamic?

a hierarchy

hierarchy

the organization of social castes of classes with higher castes exerting authority over the others

ziggurat

massive step pyraminds. we see that human life is valued, and the rich. the rich were able to be spared from the floods at the top.