apostolic succession
before jesus returned to heaven, he commissioned the apostles to continue his mission of sharing the message of salvation
the gospel challenge
we were challenged by the gospel of christ to spread the truth and continue the mission he gave his disciples
tradition
passing on christ's revelations
where the word tradition came from
tradere pass on, hand over
cultural traditions (small t)
comes from the need of the church at a certain place and time
can be modified
sacred / doctrinal tradition (big t)
living and lived faith of the church
these are official teachings
cant be modified
what are the components of sacred tradition? (unshakable tripod)
scriptural (written), apostolic (oral), teachings of the magisterium (written & oral)
scriptural or written traditions
what's in the holy bible
practices & beliefs that can be justified by referencing the sacred scriptures
apostolic or oral traditions
the teachings that the apostles have left us
through the unbroken chain of popes, bishops, priests, deacons
teachings of the magisterium (written & oral)
from the magister
exercised by the pope or by a bishop in making solemn definitions / teachings
encyclicals
timely
sola scriptura
bases off of the scripture only
reformers / protestants
bible over tradition
was everything written down in the sacred scripture?
no
where did sacred scriptures originate
oral traditions
what do sacred tradition and sacred scripture form?
sacred deposit of the word of god
the bible
written by? for who?
what is it?
written by and for believers
an account of life, preserved in memory, turned into text
records events designed by god
encounters and experiences with god
word of god written by men
with inspiration from the holy spirit
how to distinguish catholic books?
nihil obstat, imprimi potest, imprimatur
nihil obstat
"nothing hinders"
given by a censor liborum
attests that the book does not damage faith or morals
imprimi potest
"it may be printed"
given by a major religious superior
only if the author is part of a religious congregation
imprimatur
"let it be printed"
given by the author's diocesan bishop
codex
stacked sheets of papyrus folded and bound in the middle
bibliotheca divina
who coined the term?
divine library
st jerome
what does the bibliotheca divina contain?
most sacred books
historical narratives
wisdom and poetry
prophecies
emperor constantine
ordered its production
translations from non-hebrew and non-greek speaking communities emerged
pope st. damasus I
only authorized one translation of the bible (latin)
st. jerome
was commissioned by pope st damasus in 383 CE to translate the scriptures to latin-vulgate
"ignorance of the scriptures is ignorance of christ"
said by st jerome
archbishop stephen langton of canterbury
divided the books into chapters
robert estienne (stephanus)
divided chapters into verses
divine / biblical inspiration
special influence from the holy spirit to the humans to properly convey what god wanted to say
who is the principal cause?
holy spirit
who is the instrumental cause?
humans
dei verbum
pope paul iv "the Bible must be acknowledged as teaching solidly, faithfully, and without error the truth, which God wanted to put into writing"
ccc, 104
the church affirms that the inspiration was divine
providentissimus deus
pope leo xiii "god was so moved and impelled them to write..."
biblical inerrancy
the bible contains error but teaches no error
formation of sacred scriptures step by step
events & experiences
oral tradition
written tradition 4 edited tradition
canon of scriptures
what is canon?
the measure of what fits in the bible and what doesnt
canonization
recognition of a book's divine inspiration
canonicity
condition of a book having passed the standards for determining divine inspiration
criteria to be canon in the old testament
prophetic origin
coherence with the torah
constant use in the liturgy
language
criteria to be canon in the new testament
apostolic origin
coherence with the essential gospel message
constant use in the liturgy
apocryphal writings
the books that didnt pass for canonicity
no inspiration, used by scattered groups, no apostolic guarantee, heretical, irrelevant
how many books are canon? (roman catholic)
72-73 46/45 - old testament (if jeremiah & lamentations are counted) 27 - new testament
how many books are canon? (non-catholic)
66 39 - old testament 27 - new testament
deuterocanonical
second canon
testament covenant
agreement between god and israel fulfilled by jesus christ
what does the old testament contain?
a lesson on faithfulness
covenants (promises), laws, prophecies in preparation for the coming of Jesus
written in hebrew, some in greek
what does the new testament contain?
tells us of jesus
how he established the covenant relationship between god and humanity
written in greek, some in aramaic