Correction Key Terms: Chapters 4-6

Detoxification

The use of medical drugs to ease the process of overcoming the physical symptoms of dependence.

Gaols

An antiquated term used in England during the Middle Ages that was synonymous with today’s jail

Jail Reentry Programs

Programs usually interlaced with probation and parole agencies as a means of integrating the supervisory functions of both the jail and community supervision agencies.

Podular Jail

Include rounded architecture for living units and allows for direct supervision of inmates by security staff.

Public Safety Realignment (PSR)

A California state policy designed to reduce the number of offender’s in that State’s prison system to 110,000

Rural Jail

Usually small jails in rural county jurisdictions that are often challenged by tight budgets and limited training for staff.

Sally Port

Entry design that allows security staff to bring vehicles close to the admissions area in a secure fashion

Shock Incarceration

A short period of incarceration followed by a specified term of community supervision.

Short-Term Jail

Facility that holds sentenced inmates for no more than one year.

Tower of London

One of the earliest examples of a jail used for confinement purposes.

Weekend Confinement

Confinement that is restricted to the weekends or other times when the person in custody is off from work.

Global Positions System (GPS)

Allows offenders to be tracked to their exact location through the use of satellite monitoring and remote tracking.

Hearing Stage

Stage of a revocation proceeding that allows the probation agency to present evidence of the violation, which the offender is given the opportunity to refute.

Passive Agent

Someone who views their job dispassionately as ‘just a job’ and tends to do as little as possible.

Paternal Officer

Uses a great degree of both control and assistance techniques in supervising offenders

Preliminary Hearing

Initial examination of the facts of the arrest to determine if probably cause does exist for a violation.

Presentence Investigation Report

A thorough file that include a wide range of background information on the offender.

Probation

A control valve mechanism that mitigates the flow of inmates sent directly to the jailhouse. Emphasizes on correcting criminal human behavior to provide society with people who are more productive after sentencing than they had been prior to it.

Punitive Officer

Pure law enforcers that see themselves as needing to use threats and punishment to gain compliance from the offender.

Sentencing Stage

When a judge determines if the offender will be incarcerated or continue their probation sentence under more restrictive terms.

Technical Violation

Actions that do not comply with the conditions and requirements of a probationer’s sentence

Welfare Worker

Pure broker of services that views the offender more as a client rather than a supervisee on their caseload.

Blood Testing

Using blood samples to determine if an offender has been using drugs

Day Reporting Centers

Treatment facilities to which offenders are required to report, usually on a daily basis

Electronic Monitoring

The use of any mechanism worn by the offender for the means of tracking his or her whereabouts through electronic detection

Hair Testing

Using hair samples to determine if an offender has been using drugs.

Home Detention

The mandated action that forces an offender to stay within the confines of his or her home for a specific time.

Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP)

The extensive supervision of offenders who are deemed the greatest risk to society or are in need of the greatest amount of governmental services.

Intermediate Sanctions

A range of sentencing options that fall between incarceration and probation, designed to allow for the crafting of sentences that respond to the offender, the offense, or both, with the intended outcome of the case being a primary consideration.

Megan’s Law

Legislation that mandates a public notification process when sex offenders are released into the community.

Saliva Testing

Using samples of saliva to determine if an offender has been using drugs

Sweat Testing

Using samples of sweat excretion to determine if an offender has been using drugs.

Urine Testing

Using urine samples to determine if an offender has been using drugs.

John Augustus

A probation officer known as the "father of probation" who advocated for rehabilitation over punishment. Known for bailing out offenders and providing voluntary supervision guidance until they were sentenced by the court.

Probationers

largest portion of persons/criminal offenders who have been sentenced to a period of correctional supervision in the community in lieu of incarceration.

Incentives

Any form of positive support or positive reinforcement that is provided in correctional settings to influence offenders toward prosocial behavior amid the model of sanctions that may also be utilized.