Chapter 18: Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production

These flashcards cover key concepts from Chapter 18 on metabolic pathways and ATP production, including digestion processes, glycolysis, coenzyme functions, and overall energy production.

What is the role of ATP in metabolism?

ATP stores energy and releases it through hydrolysis.

What are the products of carbohydrate digestion?

Monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose.

How are lipids digested?

Lipids are partially hydrolyzed and reformed into lipoproteins.

What happens to proteins during digestion?

Proteins are denatured and then partially hydrolyzed to polypeptides.

What is glycolysis?

Breakdown of glucose in the cytosol to produce energy (ATP).

What occurs under aerobic conditions with pyruvate?

Pyruvate becomes oxidized in the mitochondria.

What is the main function of NAD+ in metabolism?

NAD+ is involved in making C=O double bonds.

What does FAD do in metabolic reactions?

FAD is involved in making C=C double bonds.

What does CoA assist in during metabolic processes?

CoA is involved in preparing acyl groups for reactions with enzymes.

What is produced from the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?

32 ATP.

What is the citric acid cycle?

A metabolic pathway that breaks down acetyl-CoA into CO2 with a release of energy.

What is the net yield of ATP from the oxidation of one NADH?

Approximately 2.5 molecules of ATP.

What types of molecules are produced from fatty acid oxidation?

Acetyl-CoA and new fatty acyl CoA.

What are the byproducts of amino acid transamination?

Pyruvate and NADH.

How many molecules of CO2 are produced from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose under aerobic conditions?

6 CO2 molecules are produced.