Caselli et al. 2022

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Sociology

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24 Terms

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AIDS epidemic

triggered a sharp decrease in life expectancy levels in many African countries.

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Arrival of AIDS

: pull many African countries back to life expectancy levels that were prevalent at the beginning of the second transition.

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Introduction of the 4th stage of epidemiologic transition

maximum point of convergence of life expectancies (85 years) increase due to the achievements in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

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Goal of the article

study the exceptions observed since 1960s in the general trend of increasing life expectancy

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Exceptions

Sub-Saharan Africa + Eastern Europe

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African countries

infant and child mortality declined significantly at a slow pace in almost all

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Examples of slower progress

Niger, Ghana

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In most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

infant and child mortality did not decrease rapidly

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Arrival of AIDS

pull many African countries back to life expectancy levels that were prevalent at the beginning of the second transition

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Rwandas genocide

reduced life expectancy

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Second phase of the epidemiologic transition is far from having ended in Africa due to

slowness of health care advances + impact of AIDS

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Countries of the former Soviet Union

male life expectancy underwent a sharp decline and female life expectancy stagnated in

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Decline of life expectancy in Eastern Europe

is linked to the uncommon distortion of the structure of age-specific mortality

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Increase in man-made diseases

deteriorated the health situation in Eastern European countries

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policies

Rise of man-made diseases was curbed by efficient _

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cardiovascular

Revolution in the treatment of _ diseases

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convergence

After WWII, most countries made huge progress and joined the general trend of of increased life expectancy

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reach, developed

countries in Africa weren’t able to a pace of progress sufficient to reduce the gap separating them from __ countries

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catch

None of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been able to up with developed countries

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decline

Some countries had their life expectancy _ over the last 2 decades

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fluctuate

in Eastern Europe, life expectancy started to in 1985

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mortality

In Eastern Europe, there is excess _ in the ages 25 and 55 both for male and female

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cardiovascular

Eastern countries were unable to curb the increase in mortality due to diseases

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alcohol

in Eastern countries, mortality is related to _ consumption