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Caselli et al. 2022
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1
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AIDS epidemic
________ triggered a sharp decrease in life expectancy levels in many African countries.
2
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Arrival of AIDS
________: pull many African countries back to life expectancy levels that were prevalent at the beginning of the second transition.
3
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Introduction of the 4th stage of epidemiologic transition
maximum point of convergence of life expectancies (85 years) increase due to the achievements in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
4
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Goal of the article
study the exceptions observed since 1960s in the general trend of increasing life expectancy
5
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Exceptions
Sub-Saharan Africa + Eastern Europe
6
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African countries
infant and child mortality declined significantly at a slow pace in almost all
7
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Examples of slower progress
Niger, Ghana
8
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In most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
infant and child mortality did not decrease rapidly
9
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Arrival of AIDS
pull many African countries back to life expectancy levels that were prevalent at the beginning of the second transition
10
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Rwandas genocide
reduced life expectancy
11
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Second phase of the epidemiologic transition is far from having ended in Africa due to
slowness of health care advances + impact of AIDS
12
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Countries of the former Soviet Union
male life expectancy underwent a sharp decline and female life expectancy stagnated in
13
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Decline of life expectancy in Eastern Europe
is linked to the uncommon distortion of the structure of age-specific mortality
14
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Increase in man-made diseases
deteriorated the health situation in Eastern European countries
15
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policies
Rise of man-made diseases was curbed by efficient _____
16
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cardiovascular
Revolution in the treatment of _______ diseases
17
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convergence
After WWII, most countries made huge progress and joined the general trend of ______ of increased life expectancy
18
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reach, developed
countries in Africa weren’t able to ______ a pace of progress sufficient to reduce the gap separating them from ________ countries
19
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catch
None of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been able to ______ up with developed countries
20
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decline
Some countries had their life expectancy _____ over the last 2 decades
21
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fluctuate
in Eastern Europe, life expectancy started to ______ in 1985
22
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mortality
In Eastern Europe, there is excess _______ in the ages 25 and 55 both for male and female
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cardiovascular
Eastern countries were unable to curb the increase in mortality due to ________ diseases
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alcohol
in Eastern countries, mortality is related to _______ consumption
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