Photo I First Semester

What is composition?

All elements of art & principles of design

What is dead space?

Empty area in a photo

What are compositional techniques?

Rule of thirds, leading lines, framing, symmetry

What is white balance?

Color tint in a photo

What is ISO?

Sensitivity of camera to light

What is a visibility button?

The little eye icon next to the layer. It turns on and off that specific layer.

What is a normal lens?

One with the view that we normally see. A 50mm lens

What is a wide angle lens?

A view that includes more that we usually see. A lens less than 55 mm, such as 35mm lens

What is a telephoto lens?

A lens with a longer focal length; say 100 mm

What is a zoom lens?

Variable focal length lens

What are shutter speeds?

How fast or slow the shutter opens such as 1/1000 or 1/60

What is aperture?

Amount of light entering the camera; measured in f/stops

What is B or bulb?

Long exposure setting

What is the difference between M, TV/S, and AV/A settings?

Manual : you control both; shutter priority: you set the shutter only; aperture priority : You set the f/stop only

What is focal length?

Distance between lens and sensor

What is a tripod?

Camera support

What is vibrance vs saturation?

Color intensity vs richness; saturation increases the intensity of all colors while vibrance increases just the colors that need it.

What is noise?

Visual distortion in a photo

What is a layer mask?

A new layer that hides or reveals parts of a layer

What is the opacity slider?

A slider that adjusts transparency of a layer

What are the clone & spot healing tool?

Photo retouching tools; you select the replacement color/texture to retouch and in spot healing, Ps decides.

What is under exposed?

Too little light in a photo

What is JPEG vs PSD?

Compressed vs uncompressed photo format

What is gloss vs matte finish?

Shiny vs non

What is a safe light?

Low

What is tonal range?

Range of tones/values in a photo

What is emulsion?

Light

Who is Joseph Niepce?

known for the 1st photograph; 8 hour exposure time

Who is Louis Daguerre?

Inventor of daguerreotype

Who is Fredrick Scott Archer?

Inventor of wet plate collodion

Who is William fox Talbot?

Inventor of calotype

Who is William Jackson?

known for his images of Yellowstone National Park.

Who is Matthew Brady?

Civil War photographer; died penniless

Who is Lewis Hine?

Photographer who is know for the images of children working in the factories

Who is George Eastman?

Founder of Kodak and flexible film

Who is Dorothea Lange?

Took images of ww2

Who is Eadweard Muybridge?

Photographer known for motion studies

Who is Ansel Adams?

Landscape photographer

Who is Margaret Bourke

White?

Who is Alfred Stieglitz?

Photographer and modern art promoter

What is color cast/white balance?

The overall color tint to the photograph; can be warm or cool; the whites should be white though

What does the color balance adjustment icon do?

Adjusts color temperature in an image

What does the levels adjustment icon do?

Adjusts brightness and contrast in an image

What is clarity?

Increases mid

What is sharpen?

Increases edge contrast in an image so the overall image looks sharper

What is merge layers?

Combines multiple layers into one

What is the difference between dodge and burn?

Dodge lightens an area, burn darkens an area

What is the visibility button?

Toggles the visibility of a layer on and off

What is the eye dropper?

Selects a specific color from an image

What is the difference between f/4 and f/22?

f/4 has a shallow depth of field (meaning a small area of focus), f/22 has a large depth of field

What is the difference between a shutter speed of 1/60 and 1/2000?

60 is slow and can create blur, 2000 is fast and can freeze motion

What is shallow depth of field vs large depth of field?

Shallow has a narrow focus range, large has a wide focus range

How do you sharpen an entire image?

Apply a sharpening filter to the entire image

What are the three settings that affect exposure?

Aperture, shutter speed, and ISO

What does the Crop tool do?

You can use the Crop tool to trim, scale, or straighten an image.

What is the purpose of the history tool?

It shows you every step you have taken in Ps and you can delete from here.

How do you change the image size in Ps?

Image>image size

What does DPI stand for?

dots per inch

high pass filter

One of the best ways to sharpen your image in Ps; Filter>other>high pass filter

What is a histogram used for?

A graph used to visually see the range of lights, medium, and darks in a photograph.

RGB

The color mode that we use in Photoshop; red, green, blue

Texture

The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.

Two types of texture

tactile and visual; texture that can be touched and texture that is in the photograph

What is movement in a photograph?

The path your eye travels through the image to the focal point

Elelment of art

line, space, shape, color, value, texture

Principles of Design

Unity, variety, emphasis, movement, balance, pattern, and proportion.

Rule of Thirds

Rule of Thirds is a theory that if you divide your image with two vertical and two horizontal lines, the areas where your lines intersect will become focal points of your design.

Focal Point/Emphasis

The design principle that focuses a viewers attention by accentuating certain elements through the use of contrast, placement, or by isolating an element.

Symmetrical Balance (Formal Balance)

The near or exact matching of left and right sides of a three

What is a pixel?

A single tiny dot, or square, of color in a digital image.

Backlighting

Lighting from behind to create a silhouette

photogram

an image made by placing objects on photosensitive paper and exposing them to light to produce a silhouette

Reflector

a piece of white paper, posterboard or shiny surface that sends light back to your subject.

What is a high contrast image?

An image with true whites and blacks with limited shades of gray.

What is depth of field?

The area that is in focuse due to the aperture.

What is a light meter?

A sensor that accurately measures light level; can be built in the camera or an outside devise

What is a safe light in photography and the darkroom?

A red/amber light that does not expose your photo paper.

What does the term stopping down mean?

It the one "stop" change when you move the shutter speed or aperture; A stop lower of 1000 ss is 500.

What is the developer in photography?

the chemical solution that turns the silver salts dark.

In the darkroom development, what is agitation?

The off and on movement of the photopaper or film during the development process; gets rid of any air bubbles on the paper or film.

Chemical contamination in the darkroom

This is when the chemicals are expried or ruined. They can turn brown, purple, or milky looking.

Man Ray

Know for his "rayogram" which was like a photogram

Margaret Bourke White

Pioneer of photojournalism; 1st female war correspondent; one of the 1st to document the Holocaust; also documented events around the world from the Depression to WWII to Gandhi to the Korean War to Martin Luther King, Jr.

Edward Weston

created imagaes usually based on organic shapes and forms; Bell Pepper is a well known image of his

Matthew Brady

Civil War photographer

William Jackson

Took images that created what we know at Yellowstone National Park

Migrant Mother

famous Dust Bowl image of mother and children taken by Dorothea Lange

What are leading lines in a photograph?

Lines that lead the viewer's eye to the focal point

What is framing in a photograph?

Using natural elements in a photograph to "frame" or surround your focal point. This leads you to that center of interest.

asymetrical balance

distribution achieved by arranging non

negative space

The area around the main objects in a picture.

Radial balance

Everything radiates outward from a central point

What is the "viewpoint" in a photograph?

The level or position of the camera when the photograph is taken. It can be high, low, and so forth.

Organic shape

A shape that is irregular and resembles any living matter. Most organic shapes are not drawn with a ruler or a compass.

Geometric shape

Shapes that are straight with sharp angles. Usually can be drawn with a tool.

How can repetition be used in a photograph?

A color, shape, texture, or line can be repeated over and over to help create unity in a photograph.

f/stop

A camera setting that determines the amount of light passing through the lens by controlling the size of the iris. Example: f/22, f/30 and so on.

aperture

an opening in the lens of a camera that allows light to enter.

Difference between snapshot and photograph

first is informal and quick, second is professional and thought out

What are curves in photoshop?

An adjustment tool for controlling an image's tones (brightness/darkness) and colors