APUSH Unit 6: Gilded Age, Industrialization, and Social Movements
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52 Terms
What time period does APUSH Unit 6 cover?
1865-1898
What was the Gilded Age?
A time of rapid industrial growth and major social problems.
Why was it called the Gilded Age?
Because wealth covered underlying corruption and inequality.
What caused rapid industrialization after the Civil War?
Railroads, natural resources, and technology.
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
Steel industrialist who supported the idea of philanthropy.
What is vertical integration?
Controlling all steps of production in a business.
What is horizontal integration?
Buying out competitors in the same industry.
Who was John D. Rockefeller?
Oil tycoon who created Standard Oil.
What was a monopoly?
A company controlling an entire industry.
What were trusts?
Business arrangements that reduced competition.
What were robber barons?
Wealthy industrialists criticized for unfair practices.
What were captains of industry?
Industrial leaders seen as beneficial to society.
What was the Transcontinental Railroad?
A railroad connecting the East and West coasts.
Why was the Transcontinental Railroad important?
It increased trade and westward expansion.
What were labor unions?
Organizations that fight for workers' rights.
What was the Knights of Labor?
A national labor union for all workers.
What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
A union focused on skilled workers.
Who was Samuel Gompers?
Leader of the AFL.
What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
A major national labor strike.
What caused labor unrest in the Gilded Age?
Low wages, long hours, and poor conditions.
What was the Haymarket Riot?
A violent labor protest in Chicago.
What was the Homestead Strike?
A violent strike at a Carnegie steel plant.
How did government respond to strikes?
Often supported businesses over workers.
What was laissez-faire economics?
Government non-intervention in business.
What was social Darwinism?
Belief that success comes from 'survival of the fittest.'
What was urbanization?
Growth of cities due to industrialization.
Why did cities grow during this period?
Immigration and job opportunities.
What were tenements?
Overcrowded, low-quality housing for workers.
What problems did cities face?
Poverty, disease, and overcrowding.
Who were political machines?
Organizations that controlled city politics.
Who was Boss Tweed?
Leader of Tammany Hall political machine.
What was the Pendleton Act?
A law reforming civil service jobs.
What was immigration like during the Gilded Age?
Large waves from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Where did many immigrants enter the U.S.?
Ellis Island.
What challenges did immigrants face?
Discrimination and poor living conditions.
What is nativism?
Anti-immigrant sentiment.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
A law banning Chinese immigration.
What was the Dawes Act?
A law breaking up Native American land.
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
To assimilate Native Americans.
What was assimilation?
Adapting to dominant culture.
What was the Populist Party?
A political party representing farmers.
What did Populists want?
Regulation of railroads and silver coinage.
What was the Omaha Platform?
A Populist Party political platform.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?
A law against monopolies.
Why was the Sherman Antitrust Act weak at first?
It was rarely enforced.
What was the Gold vs Silver debate?
Conflict over currency standards.
What was the Gold Standard?
Money backed by gold.
What was the Free Silver movement?
Support for inflationary silver currency.
What was the Election of 1896 about?
Economic issues like gold vs silver.
Who was William McKinley?
Republican president supporting gold standard.
Who was William Jennings Bryan?
Populist-Democratic candidate supporting silver.
What was the significance of the Gilded Age overall?
Rapid growth with major inequality and reform movements.