Organic Chemistry (CHAPTER 1)

Organic compounds were derived from ___ ___, whereas inorganic compounds were derived from ___ ___

living organisms, nonliving sources

Organic compounds are defined as compounds containing ___

carbon

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in how they’re connected are called ___ ___. They possess different ___ and ___ properties.

constitutional isomers, chemical, physical

Answer A)

Answer B)

Answer C)

Answer D)

Answer E)

Answer F)

In a covalent bond, too far apart means a ___ attraction → ___ potential energy. Too close leads to a strong attraction and even ___ P.E. An ideal distance means it’s at its ___ P.E. and stability is at its best.

weaker, higher, greater, lowest

Give an example of tetravalent, trivalent, divalent, and monovalent.

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens/hydrogen.

Draw A)

B)

E)

Answer A-C)

A) Al is -1

B) O is +

C) N is -

Answer D-F

D) O is +

E) C is -

F) C is +

Answer G-I

G) O is +

H) Al is - and the middle Cl is +

I) N is + and the far right O is -

When an atom does not exhibit the appropriate number of valence electrons, it’s associated with a ___ ___

formal charge

Electronegativity is the measure of the ability of an atom to attract ___

electrons

If EN is less than 0.5, the bond is considered what?

nonpolar covalent

If EN is greater than 0.5 but less than 1.7, the bond is considered what?

polar covalent

if EN is greater than 1.7, it’s considered what?

ionic, although there’s some exceptions (shown in photo)

Answer A-C)

Answer D-F)

Answer A-C)

A) C6H16

B) C12H18

C) C6H8O

Answer D-F)

D) C7H12

E) C7H12O

F) C7H10O