Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the three ways vowels are described in phonetics?

Height, backness, and rounding.

Define the Source-Filter Theory.

It explains how speech sounds are produced, consisting of a source (vocal folds vibrating) and a filter (the shape of the vocal tract).

What does F1 relate to in vowel production?

F1 is related to vowel height; lower tongue position equals higher F1.

How does raising the tongue affect F1?

Raising the tongue lowers F1.

What is the difference between narrow-band and wide-band spectrograms?

Narrow-band shows harmonics more clearly with higher frequency resolution, while wide-band shows formants more clearly with higher time resolution and more detail about frequencies.

How can you identify vowels in spectrograms?

Use F1 (which will be labeled) and consider both F1 and F2 to distinguish between vowels.

What characterizes the production of vowels?

Vowels are produced with an open vocal tract and are always voiced.

What are the main features of stops in spectrograms?

Stops have a closure (silent gap), burst release, and formant transitions into neighboring vowels.

Describe the sound features of fricatives in spectrograms.

Fricatives exhibit high-frequency noise (frication) and have no silent gap.

What distinguishes liquids in relation to vowels in spectrograms?

Liquids are more vowel-like but have lower amplitude than vowels and unique formant transitions.

How do stops, fricatives, and liquids differ in spectrograms?

Stops show silent gaps and bursts, fricatives have continuous noise, and liquids have formant structures similar to vowels.