MICROBIO: Microbiomes Exam 4

Mutualism

Both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Commensalism

One organism benefits; the other is unaffected.

Amensalism

One organism benefits while harming another.

Mycorrhizal fungi

Fungi aiding plant roots in nutrient absorption.

Rhizobia

Bacteria that fix nitrogen in legumes.

Flavonoids

Chemical signals attracting rhizobia to plants.

Microbiome

Community of microorganisms in a host.

Gut microbiome rhythm

Follows sleep behavior affecting health.

Weight loss impact

Microbiome aids digestion and hunger control.

Depression and anxiety proof

Mice with human microbiome show related symptoms.

Probiotic potential

Probiotics may improve sleep and exercise benefits.

Serotonin production

Bacteria may produce serotonin affecting sleep.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)

Bacteria produce SCFA aiding energy and recovery.

Akkermansia muciniphila

Strengthens gut barrier and reduces inflammation.

Mucin

Main energy source for Akkermansia muciniphila.

Negative effects of Akkermansia absence

Weak GI lining increases inflammation risk.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)

Compound linked to cardiovascular disease risk.

TMA production

Gut microbes convert nutrients into TMA.

Atherosclerosis

Condition promoted by high TMAO levels.

Nod factor

Bacterial signal causing root hair curling.

Gut inflammation

Can be exacerbated by Akkermansia deficiency.

Plant-rhizobia interaction

Plants provide nutrients; bacteria fix nitrogen.

Microbiome and cardiovascular health

Not all fiber intake benefits cardiovascular health.