5. Ion Exchange

Cross-linked Polystyrene

The most common polymeric resin matrix used in ion exchange, with charged functional groups attached by covalent bonding.

Strong Cation Exchange

Refers to ion exchange resins where the functional group is dissociated completely in its ionic form at any pH.

Weak Cation Exchange

Refers to ion exchange resins that can remove carbonate hardness but not noncarbonate hardness.

Transport Mechanisms

Various mechanisms affecting the rate of ion exchange, including movement of ions, diffusion, and exchange reactions.

Separation Factor

Used in process design evaluation to measure the preference of one ion for another in ion exchange systems.

Ion Exchange Resins

Materials used in the ion exchange process to adsorb and exchange ions in water treatment.

Compatibility with Treatment Solutions

The ability of ion exchange resins to work effectively with the treatment solutions used for regeneration.

Rinsing Phase

The phase after regeneration where the resin bed is rinsed to remove excess regenerating solution and impurities.

Conditioning Phase

The phase where the resin is prepared for the next cycle of ion exchange by stabilizing it with a dilute solution.

Resumption of Ion Exchange

The stage where the regenerated and conditioned resin is ready to resume the cyclical operation of ion exchange.

Ion Exchange

A process where ions in a solution are exchanged with ions from a solid, typically a resin.

Flow Rates

The rate at which a fluid passes through a system, affecting the kinetics of processes like absorption in ion exchange.