Dermatologic Emergencies, Drug Eruptions, Photosensitivity, Blistering Disorders, and Pigmentation Disorders

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts from dermatologic emergencies, drug eruptions, photosensitivity, blistering disorders, and pigmentation disorders.

What are the immunologic types of reactions?

Allergic, cytotoxic, immune complex, delayed.

What is the pathophysiology of UV radiation?

It involves the effects of UV light leading to skin reactions.

Name the major types of drug reactions.

Morbilliform, urticaria, vasculitis, fixed drug reactions.

What defines Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction typically induced by medications, characterized by T-cell mediated keratinocyte death.

What are the major food allergens?

Milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, shellfish, sesame.

What is DRESS syndrome?

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, typically presenting 2–8 weeks after drug exposure.

What is acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)?

An acute drug-induced pustular eruption, often caused by antibiotics, characterized by numerous sterile pustules on erythematous skin.

What is the first line treatment for anaphylaxis?

IM epinephrine.

Describe the clinical presentation of urticaria.

Pruritic, transient wheals that resolve within less than 24 hours.

What triggers solar urticaria?

It is triggered by sunlight or UV exposure.

Define bullous pemphigoid.

An autoimmune blistering disorder typically affecting older adults, associated with IgG autoantibodies targeting basement membrane proteins.

What are the signs of erythema multiforme?

Classic target lesions and often associated with infections like HSV.

What is vitiligo?

A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by depigmented patches due to loss of melanocytes.

What is the main cause of allergic contact dermatitis?

Exposure to allergens such as poison ivy, causing a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

What is the treatment for melasma?

Strict photoprotection and topical agents like hydroquinone, along with sunscreens.

What is the main characteristic of a fixed drug eruption?

It recurs at the same site with re-exposure to the same drug.