AP World History - 6.1, 6.2 - Imperialism and State Expansion

imperialism

a policy of extending national power overseas

Sino-Japanese War

(1894-1895) war between Japan and China that won Japan several Chinese territories

Formosa

former name of Taiwan

phrenologist

someone who studies the skull

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated theory of evolution and natural selection

social darwinism

social theory that justifies imperialism

David Livingstone

a Scottish missionary who tried to end the illegal slave trade

East India Company

an English company that was granted a government charter and eventually took over India

Dutch East India Company

Dutch company that established trade in Asia and created a trade monopoly in southern Africa

quinine

a newly developed medicine that treated malaria

Suez Canal

a ship canal built by the British that shortened the water route to Asia; goes through Egypt

corveé laborers

unpaid workers that work as taxation

Sierra Leone

a British colony established in 1787 that freed the slaves

Gold Coast

a British crown colony established in 1874

settler colony

a form of colonial formation whereby foreign people move into a region

Scramble for Africa

a period that marked many European conquests in Africa

Berlin Conference

a meeting held by Otto von Bismarck wherein European leaders competed for African territories

Cape Colony

British colony in South Africa taken from the Dutch

afrikaners

Dutch South Africans

Boer Wars

(1880-1881) series of wars between British, Afrikaner, and native African populations in South Africa

concentration camps

prison camps

King Leopold II

Belgian king who oversees invasion of the Congo; keeps it as personal colony and orders many Congolese deaths

Congo Free State

a large area in Central Africa controlled by the Belgians that imposed brutal conditions on native Africans during rubber cultivation; makes the Belgians $1.1 billion

Abyssinia

former name of Ethiopia

Liberia

colony created by the United States made for freed slaves

Seven Years War

war between France and England that drove the French out of India

Ceylon

Former name of Sri Lanka

spheres of influence

areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly

Taiping Rebellion

series of rebellions in China that weakens the government internally

Empress Cixi

the dowager empress who encouraged and promoted the Boxer rebellion

Boxer Rebellion

anti-western rebellion encouraged by empress of Qing Dynasty China

colonization society

group formed by Japanese government that encouraged working class to establish colonies in Guam and Hawaii

Dutch East Indies

former name of Indonesia

Indochina

French colony containing Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam

Malaya

British colony near Thailand; prime producer of rubber

Siam

former name of Thailand; avoids conquest through diplomacy and negotiation

Australia

British penal colony

penal colony

a colony to which convicts are sent

New Zealand

British colony established in 1839; near Australia

Treaty of Waitangi

treaty between British and Maori granting the British control of New Zealand

Maori

native people of New Zealand

Indian Territory

An area to which Native Americans were moved in Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Kansas

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Monroe Doctrine

American policy of discouraging European intervention in the Americas

manifest destiny

American idea that encouraged expansion into the Pacific

Spanish-American War

war between Spain and United States over territories; US won Guam, Cuba, and Puerto Rico

Roosevelt Corollary

addition to Monroe Doctrine published in 1904; pushed for American intervention in Latin America if debts were not paid

Great Game

Russian and English rivalry competing for Afghanistan