B4: Identify and distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement contingencies.

What is positive reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement is the process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by following it with a rewarding stimulus.

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

Giving a child praise or a treat for completing their homework.

What is negative reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement is the process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.

What is an example of negative reinforcement?

Taking pain relievers to eliminate headache pain, which encourages future use of the medication.

How does positive reinforcement affect behavior?

It strengthens behavior by adding a desirable consequence.

How does negative reinforcement affect behavior?

It strengthens behavior by removing an undesirable consequence.

Can positive and negative reinforcement be used together?

Yes, both can be applied simultaneously to modify behavior.

What is a common misconception about negative reinforcement?

Many confuse negative reinforcement with punishment; however, it is about removal of an aversive stimulus, not adding one.

How can reinforcing behaviors lead to behavior change?

Consistently using reinforcement strategies can motivate individuals to repeat desired behaviors.

What role do reinforcements play in operant conditioning?

Reinforcements strengthen and increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.