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Social Gospel
A late 19th-century religious and social reform movement applying Christian ethics to address societal issues such as poverty and inequality.
Hull House
Founded by Jane Addams in 1889, it was one of the first settlement houses in the U.S., providing services to immigrants and the urban poor.
Temperance Movement
A movement aimed at reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption, linked to social problems like poverty and domestic violence.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Founded in 1874, it became a leading force advocating for prohibition and women’s suffrage.
Frances Willard
Key leader of WCTU who expanded its mission to include women’s suffrage, labor rights, and social reform.
Anti-Saloon League
Founded in 1893, it was an influential lobbying group advocating for national prohibition.
Carrie Nation
A radical temperance activist known for using a hatchet to destroy saloons, symbolizing the militant wing of the temperance movement.
Social Darwinism
An ideology applying Darwin’s theory of natural selection to justify economic inequality and imperialism.
Horatio Alger
A 19th-century author famous for his 'rags-to-riches' novels, promoting the idea that hard work leads to success.
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
Co-founded by Stanton and Anthony in 1869, it focused on securing women’s voting rights through a federal amendment.
Gilded Age
A term describing the late 19th century, marked by industrialization, urbanization, political corruption, and social inequality.
Joseph Pulitzer
A newspaper publisher known for sensationalized reporting ('yellow journalism') and establishing the Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.
William Randolph Hearst
A rival newspaper magnate who expanded his empire using sensationalism, shaping public opinion on issues like the Spanish-American War.
Frederick Law Olmsted
A landscape architect who designed major urban parks, promoting public health and social cohesion through natural spaces.
