Period 2 (1607–1754) APUSH QUIZ

Flashcards cover the contextualization of Period 2 (1607–1754), European colonization, regional development, and transatlantic trade, aligned with the provided lecture notes.

What period marks the shift from exploration to colonization in the Americas (1607–1754)?

A period when European powers established permanent colonies in North America, with the British dominating along the Atlantic coast and founding 13 colonies.

Which two early English colonies along the Atlantic coast are identified as the starting points for English settlement in North America?

Jamestown (1607) and Plymouth (1620).

Name three major cash crops or commodities that supported trade in the English colonies.

Tobacco, timber, and rice.

What was the headright system and what did it encourage?

A land grant of 50 acres to settlers or sponsors, encouraging recruitment of settlers and expansion of landholding.

What labor system replaced enslaved Native Americans due to escape risk, and what labor system eventually supplied most colonial labor?

Indentured servitude replaced slavery of Native Americans; over time, enslaved Africans provided the primary labor force.

What were the three types of colonial charters that defined colonial governance?

Corporate colonies (joint-stock companies), Royal colonies (direct rule by the king), Proprietary colonies (owned by individuals granted charters by the king).

Which colony established the first representative assembly in America and what was it called?

Virginia; the House of Burgesses (established 1619).

What is the Mayflower Compact and why is it significant?

A 1620 agreement among Pilgrim settlers to govern by majority rule; an early form of self-government.

Which colony introduced the first written constitution in America and what was it called?

Connecticut; the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639).

Who founded Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and why is Rhode Island notable?

Roger Williams; Rhode Island is notable for religious toleration and paying Indians for land.

What was the Act of Toleration (1649) in Maryland, and whom did it protect?

A statute granting religious freedom to Christians; protected Catholics initially, though it punished those denying Jesus’s divinity.

What was the Great Migration and which region did it largely involve?

A mass movement of Puritans to Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s, shaping New England.

What was the Middle Passage?

The voyage that transported enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas as part of the transatlantic slave trade.

What is mercantilism and how did it shape colonial policy?

An economic theory that wealth is measured by exports; colonies exist to enrich the parent country by supplying raw materials.

What were the Navigation Acts and their main requirements?

Acts (1650–1673) requiring colonial trade to use English/colonial ships, goods pass through English ports, and enumerated goods exported to England.

What is salutary neglect in the context of colonial trade?

A period when Britain relaxed enforcement of the mercantilist laws, allowing colonial economic autonomy and growth.

What was the Dominion of New England and who governed it?

A short-lived union (1686–1689) of northern colonies under Sir Edmund Andros to centralize control; ended with the Glorious Revolution.

What was the significance of Georgia (1733) in the colonial map?

The thirteenth colony founded as a defensive buffer and for debtors; later became a royal colony and allowed slavery.

Which colony was called 'The Holy Experiment' and who founded it?

Pennsylvania; founded by William Penn with Quaker principles and religious tolerance.

Which colony developed rice-growing plantations and relied on enslaved Africans by the mid-18th century?

South Carolina (and also Georgia); rice plantations depended on enslaved African labor.

What were the three main colonial regions and a key feature of each?

New England: religiously motivated, town-based settlements; Middle Colonies: fertile land, diverse immigrants, religious toleration; Southern Colonies: plantation economy with enslaved labor.

Name two leaders associated with Jamestown and tobacco development.

Captain John Smith and John Rolfe (Pocahontas linked by marriage to Rolfe, aiding relations and tobacco cultivation).

Which explorer founded Quebec and earned the title 'Father of New France'?

Samuel de Champlain (1608).