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What is endoscopic sinus surgery
procedure to remove blockages and treat other problems in the sinuses using an endoscope
thin, rigid tube with a camera and a light
FESS- functional endoscopic sinus surgery
aim to restore ventilation of the paranasal sinuses with widening the ostia and preserve the function

What is the indication of FESS
Chronic sinusitis, acute sinusitis complications, correction of septum deviation, choanal atresia
Diffuse polyposis with eosinophil dominance
Mucocele, Pyocele, paranasal mycosis, small osteomas, optic nerve decompression
Closure of CSF fistula/meningoencephalocele
Tumors; juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, pituitary tumors, tumors of cranial base
Removal of foreign bodies
What is the surgical techniques of endoscopy
Messerklinger technique- anterio-posterior approach
Wigand technique- postero-anterior approach
What are the advantages of endoscopic surgery
decreased infection risk, trauma, healing time
aesthetically better
What are the disadvantages of endoscopic surgery
expensive
scope needs to be regularly cleaned
What are the complications of endoscopic surgery
Injury of the:
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery
Internal carotid artery
Optic nerve, olfactory nerve: anosmia, diplopia, synechia’s
Orbit and orbit content: retrobulbar/periorbital/orbital hematoma
Dura, frontal skull base, endocranium: liquor, fistula, intracranial complications
Nasolacrimal duct