Bio exam II flash cards

What does hydrolysis of ATP release

energy

ATP

Adensonsine (base) + Ribose (sugar) + 3 phosphate groups

Hydrolysis

breaks bonds between second and third phosphate (H2O in)

condensation

(H2O out) ADP + Pi + energy

Metabolism

all chemical reactions in a cell/organism

Autotrophs

make their own food

Heterotrophs

hydrolyze ingested polymers into monomers for energy

∆G = ?

G(products) - G(reactants)

does ∆G ever change

no

do enzymes change ∆G?

no they lower activation energy

-∆G?

exergonic, spontaneus, catabolic (breaks down) , releases energy

+∆G

endergonic, non-spontaneus, anabolic (builds up)

Exergonic reactions

products PE < reactants PE

Endergonic reactions

Products PE > reactants PE

for coupling to work ∆G must be

negative

Glycolysis when

1st phase

Glycolysis where

Cytosol

Gylcolysis who

Glucose

Glycolysis in

1 glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD⁺

Glycolysis out

4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

Glycolysis why

oxidizes glucose (6C) into 2 pyruvate

Pyruvate oxidation when

second phase

pyruvate oxidation where

Mitochondrial matrix

pyruvate oxidation who

pyruvate

pyruvate oxidation In

2 pyruvate, 2 coenzyme A, 2 NAD⁺

pyruvate oxidation out

2 Acetyl-coa, n2 NADH, 2 CO2

Cytric acid cycle when

3rd phase, 2 per glucose

Citric acid cycle where

mitochondrial matrix

citric acid cycle who

Acetyl-CoA

Where does photosynthesis occur

Chloropast

Light reaction when

during the dayl

ight reaction where

Thylakoid membrane

Light reaction who

sunlight

Light reaction In

Light energy, H2O, ADP, NADP⁺

chlorophyll function

absorbs a photon, releases energy to neighboring chlorophyllp

hotosystems location

thylakoid membrane

Calvin cycle where

stroma

calvin cycle who

CO2

Calvin cycle in

9ATP, 6 NADPH, 3 CO₂

Calvin cycle out

9 ADP, 6 NADP⁺, 6 G3P

Enzyme inhibators competative

mimics substrate shape,

enzyme inhibators noncompetative

away from activation site