Beliefs in Society: Religion & Social Change

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19 Terms

1

What was Max Weber’s contribution to religious social change?

The Protestant Ethnic - interested in capitalism developing the same time as the Reformation.

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2

Describe the Reformation.

Radical religious changes led by Martin Luther who criticise Priests and the wealth of the Catholic Church.

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3

What social change did the Reformation bring about?

Weakening of Kings (Protestants answer only to God).

Industrialisation.

Greater equality for citizens.

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4

What were the 3 key features over the Protestant movement?

  1. Anxiety about heaven- Protestants cannot be absolved by confession.

  2. Asceticism- self discipline and avoiding indulgences.

  3. “intensely worldy activity”- Protestants become outward by converting people/charity. Catholics look inwards like nuns and monks.

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5

What are the examples of Protestant Movement?

Calvinism.

Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)

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6

What is Calvinism?

New Testament is historical fact.

“Predestination” and “Providence”

God is active in our lives.

Eve’s actions created a sinful humanity.

Traditional, asceticism practices.

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7

What are Quakers?

Core belief: absolute equality of all people.

Non-dogmatic.

Pacifism.

Usually vegetarians and Teetotalists.

“Priesthood of all believers”

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8

How does Protestantism lead to capitalism?

The Protestant Ethnic of not spending (asceticism) but rather reinvesting led to the development of capitalism.

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9

Give examples of Protestants investing in others rather than themselves.

Cadbury.

Elizabeth Fry.

Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF).

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10

Describe Bournville and anxiety getting into heaven.

Cadbury (1820s) was a quaker.

Teetotalist so no pubs in village, absolved from sin.

Housing with large garden and 2 days off.

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11

What quote is used to describe Max Weber?

“arguing with the ghost of Marx”

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12

What was Weber’s view on capitalism?

Capitalism is present, not automatically exploitative. E.g Cadbury was the best of capitalism.

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13

Evaluate Weber’s theory.

Eisenstadt: Capitalism predates the reformation. Developed a lot in Roman Empire. Must be other values to kickstart it.

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14

What are other arguments that religion is a force for social change?

Gustavo Gutierrez- preferential option.

Liberation Theology- love thy neighbour.

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15

Other Marxist views that religion is a force for social change?

Gramsci- counter hegemony

Althusser- Early Christians opposed the structure of the Roman Empire.

Fundamentalism- Singleton (2011)

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16

What is fundamentalism?

Sometimes violent interpretation of faith. Could be argued to bring about social change & conserve an older way of life.

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17

What does Singleton (a fundamentalist) argue?

Some people interpretation of Islam are used to promote radical social change.

E.g Al Qaeda claimed 9/11 was a response to American airbases in Saudi Arabia which is considered sacred.

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18

Evaluate fundamentalism.

Religion is a conservative force rather than a conservative force. Key idea to return to a more traditional way of life.

Lawrence Wright- Fundamental Islamic terrorists motivated by resistance to social change in early 20th century.

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19

New religious movements.

Update laterz.

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