Microbio - Module 9: Knowledge Checks & Quiz

C

A differential count reflects

Option A: the ratio of antibody types.

Option B: the ratio of red blood cell types.

Option C: the ratio of white blood cell types.

Option D: the ratio of platelet types.

B

What component of the blood contains the most antibodies?

Option A: platelets

Option B: gamma globulin

Option C: white blood cells

Option D: complement

D

Which of the following is a primary (central) immune structure?

Option A: Lymph nodes

Option B: Tonsils

Option C: Blood cells

Option D: Thymus

C

__________ act(s) as the "eyes" and "ears" of the cell during communication involved with the immune response?

Option A: Interferon

Option B: Cytokines

Option C: Surface receptors

Option D: Adhesion molecules

D

The myeloid lineage does NOT lead to

Option A: red blood cells.

Option B: leukocytes.

Option C: platelets.

Option D: lymphocytes.

B

Complement activation can lead to ____________________________.

Option A: Lysis of a target cell via lactoferrin activation

Option B: Chemotaxis of phagocytes to the site of infection

Option C: Prevention of inflammation

Option D: Diminished phagocytosis

C

The engulfment stage of phagocytosis involves _____________ surrounding the invader and forming a phagosome.

Option A: Phagolysosomes

Option B: Chemoattractants

Option C: Pseudopods

Option D: Lysosomes

D

 ________________ is a nonspecific defense mechanism by which monocytes and neutrophils engulf and destroy foreign substances.

Option A: Inflammation

Option B: Antibody production

Option C: none of the above

Option D: Phagocytosis

A

__________________ interferes with viral replication.

Option A: Interferon

Option B

Complement proteins

Option C

Globulin fraction

Option D

All of the above

A

The purpose of complement is to

Option A: Two of the above

Option B: Lyse invader cells

Option C: Enhance phagocytosis

Option D: Serve as a barrier to infection

A

Which of the following statements best describes the innate branch of the immune system?

Option A: You are born with the components of the innate immune system, and it is responsible for an immediate and general response to invaders

Option B: The innate immune system develops over a person's lifetime and prevents external microbes form gaining access to the body

Option C: You are born with the components of the innate immune system, and it is responsible for a specific response to invaders

Option D: The innate immune system develops over a person's lifetime and tries to eliminate microbes that gain access to the body

C

What does it mean that the immune system needs to recognize "self" from "non-self"?

Option A: Immune cells should attack healthy body cells

Option B: Immune cells need to be able to recognize themselves

Option C: Immune cells should only recognize and attack invaders/infected cells

Option D: Immune cells should only recognize microbes

D

What part of innate immune cells is capable of recognizing invaders?

Option A: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Option B: Spike proteins

Option C: Complement binding activators

Option D: Pattern recognition receptors

B

The lymphoid pathway of blood cell maturation is responsible for what cells? Option A

Option A: Platelets and Red Blood cells

Option B: T cells and B cells

Option C: Monocytes and neutrophils

Option D: Eosinophils and basophils

A

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways the microbiota contributes to the innate immune system?

Option A: Creation of antibiotics

Option B: Competes with pathogens for space/nutrients

Option C: Immune stimulation

Option D: Secretion of toxins to ward off pathogens

D

Which of the following correctly states one of the outcomes of the complement pathway? Option A

Option A: Activation of B cells

Option B: Prevention of inflammation

Option C: Restriction of phagocytosis

Option D: Lysis of a target cell

B

You are studying macrophages in the laboratory to examine the process of phagocytosis. When you look at your sample under the microscope you see a macrophage that has pseudopods surrounding a bacterial cell. What stage of phagocytosis are you witnessing?

Option A: Phagosome maturation

Option B: Engulfment

Option C: Destruction/Digestion

Option D: Chemotaxis

A

Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Option A: Tissue damage

Option B: Redness

Option C: Heat

Option D: Swelling

Option E: Pain

B

If you were trying to determine the ratio of white blood cell types in a patient, you should order

Option A: A PAMP pane

Option B: A differential count

Option C: A complement blood count

Option D: A neutrophil panel

B

Immune cells in a person infected with COVID-19 would be releasing ______, which acts as an antiviral and would aid in interfering with COVID-19 replication.

Option A: Complement proteins

Option B: Interferons

Option C: Globulins in blood

Option D: All of the above

B

T cells and B cells are associated with

Option A: Pattern recognition receptors

Option B: The adaptive immune system

Option C: The innate immune system

Option D: The microbiome

D

If the immune system wanted to induce growth and differentiation of immune cells, _____ should be released

Option A: Lysozymes

Option B: Antibodies

Option C: Chemoattractants

Option D: Cytokines

C

The thymus is the structure primarily responsible for

Option A: The site of hematopoiesis

Option B: Creation of platelets and red blood cells

Option C: Maturation of T cells

Option D: Maturation of B cells

A, C, D

How do mucous membranes function as a mechanical/chemical barrier? Select all that apply

Option A: Peristalsis removes microbes

Option B: Secretion of toxins to defend against pathogens

Option C: Acidity of the stomach acid kills microbes

Option D: Secrete antimicrobial peptides

B

Lysozymes found in your tears, saliva, and blood are most effective against

Option A: Viruses

Option B: Bacteria

Option C: Fungi

Option D: Protozoa

C

Complement system can be activated by

Option A: The innate immune system only

Option B: The adaptive immune system only

Option C: Both the innate and adaptive immune system

Option D: Neither the innate or adaptive immune system

C

If clotting factors are walling off the site of the infection, you are in the ______ stage of the inflammatory process.

Option A:1st

Option B: 2nd

Option C: 3rd

Option D: 4th

C

A B cell recognizes and binds to the LPS of an E. coli cell using it's B cell receptor. In this case, the B cell receptor would be considered a

Option A: Pathogen associated molecular pattern

Option B: Cytokine

Option C: Pattern recognition receptor

Option D: Antigen

A, B, D

Correctly identify the how fever acts as a host defense mechanism. Check all that apply: ?

Option A: Enhances the inflammatory response

Option B: Enhances antibody production

Option C: Enhances chemotaxis of phagocytes and phagocytosis

Option D: Enhances multiplication of lymphocytes

C

Which statement correctly explains the relationship of the normal microbiota with the innate immune system?

Option A: The normal microbiota inhibits the immune system by releasing chemoattractants that stop phagocytes

Option B: The normal microbiota secretes toxins that help to stimulate macrophages

Option C: The normal microbiota competes with pathogens for space and nutrients

Option D: The normal microbiota produces lysozyme to degrade the peptidoglycan of pathogens

A

A cancer patient is undergoing surgery to remove a tumor, and several lymph nodes surrounding it. The removal of the lymph nodes would likely have what effect?

Option A: The patient would produce less antibodies at the site where the lymph nodes were removed

Option B: The patient would have a greater number of B cells at the site where the lymph nodes were removed

Option C: The patient would have a greater number of phagocytic cells at the site where the lymph nodes were removed

Option D: The patient would produce less interferons at the site where the lymph nodes were removed