physical science final

accuracy

The degree to which the experimental results agree with the accepted value

Precision

The degree to which measurements agree with one another how specific it is or consistent

Observation

Objective based on sense

Inference

Subjective a guess about an observation

Hypothesis

Testable questions that attempts to answer questions

Independent variable

Cause what’s being tested purposely changed

Dependent variable

Effective measure data collected

Constant

Factors that do not change in the experiment conditions kept the same for all groups

Control Group

Normal group used for comparison

Quantitative

Numeral data

Qualitative

Descriptive data

Average speed

Total distance traveled divided by total time traveled

Instantaneous Speed

The speed at any given point (what shows up on speedometer)

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Weight

Force or gravity on an object

Newtons 1st law

An object will move at a constant velocity until a net force acts on it

Newtons 2nd law

A net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the net force

Newtons 3rd law

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Kinetic energy

Energy in motion

Potential energy

Stored energy

Mechanical energy

Total amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system

Conductor

Materials that allow heat to flow easily

Insulator

Materials that don’t allow heat to flow

Work

Transfer of energy

Power

Amount of work done in an object

Circuit

Closed path through which electrons can flow

Voltage

The force or push to cause electric charges to move

Resistance

The tendency of material to oppose the flow of electrons through it

Current

The flow of electric charge through a conductor such as a a wire

Wave

Rhythmic disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space

Mechanical wave

Waves that can only travel through a medium

Electromagnetic wave

Waves that are capable of transferring energy through a vacuum

Wavelength

The distance between one point on a wave to the nearest point just like it

Period

The amount of time it takes from one wavelength to pass a point

Frequency

The number of waves that pass a given point in one second

Amplitude

The amount of energy carried by a wave

Reflection

When a wave strikes an object and bounces off it

Refraction

The bending of waves caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium through another

Diffraction

When an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it

Absorption

When a wave strikes an object and goes into its energy from the wave gets converted to thermal energy

Matter

anything that takes up space and has mass either a substance or a mixture

Substance

all the particles in matter are identical

Element

simplest form of matter from which more complex substances are made

Compound

two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Mixture

two or more substances physically combined

Homogeneous

components are evenly distributed out on a microscopic level

Heterogeneous

substance in the mixture are nor even spread out

Physical properties

properties that can bear observed directly or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance

Density

measure of compactness or consistency of a material

Physical change

a change in a substance that only affects physical properties

Chemical properties

properties that can only be observed or measured by changing the chemical identity of a substance by observing if a new substance is formed

Chemical change

change in a substance that affects its chemical properties thus a chemical reaction occurs and a new substance is formed

Law of conservation of mass

matter is either created or destroyed during a chemical change it only changes form madd cannot be lost even when a chemical reaction happens

Thermal energy

sum of the kind tic and potential energy of particles in an object

Temperature

measures of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object

Solubility

measure of how well a solute dissolves in a solvent