Measuring Intelligence and Language

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to intelligence testing, language acquisition, problem solving, and decision making, based on lecture notes.

What year did Binet launch modern intelligence testing?

1905.

What is the intelligence quotient (IQ) and who introduced it?

The IQ is a measure of a child's mental age and was introduced by Terman in the Stanford-Binet scale in 1916.

What did Wechsler publish in 1939?

An improved measure of intelligence for adults, introducing the deviation IQ score.

How do modern deviation IQ scores indicate where individuals fall?

They indicate positions within the normal distribution for their age.

What is the heritability ratio in intelligence studies?

It is an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population determined by genetic variations.

What does the Flynn effect describe?

It refers to the finding that performance on IQ tests has steadily increased over generations.

According to Sternberg's theory, what are the three facets of successful intelligence?

Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

What does the linguistic relativity hypothesis assert?

One's language shapes the nature of one's thought processes.

Which problem-solving barrier involves seeing an item only in its most common use?

Functional fixedness.

What does Simon's theory of bounded rationality assert regarding decision making?

People use simple decision strategies that often yield seemingly irrational results.

Define the term 'heuristic'.

A rule of thumb or mental shortcut used in solving problems or making decisions.

What is the availability heuristic?

Basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.

What does dual-process theory suggest about human thinking?

Humans depend on both quick, automatic, intuitive thinking and slower, effortful, controlled thinking.