A political system in which the government's power is restricted by laws or a written Constitution.
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Why did the Framers choose a limited government?
Because of the violation of their rights that they felt they endured from the British monarchy.
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What was limited government influenced by?
The Enlightenment.
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Who was John Locke?
One of the most influential philosophers read by the colonists.
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What did John Locke do?
Described natural rights as the rights to one's own "life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness," and can not be taken away.
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What did John Locke write?
"The Second Treatise of Civil Government"
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Who did John Locke influence?
American political leaders.
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What did John Locke believe in?
Consent of the governed and limited government.
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What is consent of the governed?
The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.
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What limits were important to Locke?
\-The government must provide standing laws so that people know in advance whether their acts will be acceptable.
\-The supreme power cannot take from any man any part of his property without his consent.
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What did Locke and Hobbes argue for?
A theoretical state of nature which comes before any kind of government.
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Who was Thomas Hobbes?
He believed that the government's purpose is to protect the natural rights of the people.
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What did Thomas Hobbes argue?
Man's natural state was war and a strong absolute ruler was necessary to restrain man's bestial tendencies and that people will look for a reputation/glory and will fight to protect it.
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What did the Framers believe in regards to Hobbes argument?
The government should play a key role in containing the natural self-interest of people.
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What is popular sovereignty?
Power belongs to the people/consent of the governed.
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What happens of the government violates the will of the people?
Americans have the right to change it.
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What plays a vital role in popular sovereignty?
Political parties because they represent the opinions and needs of the people of the government.
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What is republicanism?
The people elect representatives who are responsible to make and carry out laws.
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Who thought of republicanism?
Baron de Montesquieu.
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What is a must in republicanism?
Separation between 3 branches of government.
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What did the Framers believe about republicanism?
There would be less of a chance of a government that would hold onto power and refuse to give it up.
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What is social contract?
An agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their rights.
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Who thought of social contract?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
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What did Hobbes theorize about social contract?
It was the foundation of government.
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What happens in a social contract?
The people give up some of rights for protection and the people can overthrow the government and create a new one if it oversteps its power.
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What is the Declaration of Independence?
A political argument announcing and justifying a revolution.
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How many paragraphs of the Declaration listed the ways that the King had abused the colonies?
27 of the 32.
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What was the Declaration the foundation for?
Popular sovereignty, natural rights, and social contract.
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Who drafted the Declaration?
Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
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