PHC & HCS

CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: CONCEPT OF HEALTH & CHAPTER 3 COMPONENTS OF HEALTCH CARE SYSTEM

"Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost the community & country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-determination".

Definition of PHC during the Alma-Ata conference

1. Health education concerning prevailing health problems & the methods of preventing & controlling them.

2. Promotion of food supply & proper nutrition.

3. An adequate supply of safe water & sanitation.

4. Maternal & child health care.

5. Immunization against major infectious diseases.

6. Prevention & control of locally endemic diseases.

7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases & injuries.

8. Provision of essential drugs.

Elements/components of PHC

1. Mental health

2. Physical handicaps

3. Health and social care of the elderly

some countries included these to fit local circumstances

1. Equity in distribution

2. Appropriate technology

3. Multisectoral approach

4. Community participation

PHC PRINCIPLES

equity or equitable distribution of health services.

The first key principle in the PHC strategy

Services to all

More services to needy & vulnerable

what does equity mean?

a. The population to be served must be known.

b. The vulnerable groups are to be identified & reached.

c. The health service have to be dispersed into the farthest remote rural areas and deepest parts of the underserved urban population

how will you Ensure the equity of PHC?

- Increasing the number of health facilities.

- Improving transport conditions.

- Organizing outreach services, thus substituting one when the other is not available.

How to improve the accessibility?

- Correct imbalance in accessibility

- Bring health services as near to people's homes as possible.

- To achieve this, PHC is supported by higher level of health care to which patients can be referred for extended care.

what is the aim/goal of PHC?

Community Participation

Involvement of individuals, families, & communities in promotion of their own health & welfare.

A continuing effort to secure meaningful involvement of the community in:

1. Planning

2. Implementation

3. Maintenance of health services

4. Evaluation of health services

Maximum reliance on local resources such as:

1. Manpower

2. Money

3. Materials

In community participation, there must be…?

“PHC involves in addition to the health sector, all related sectors & aspects of national & community development, in particular agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works, communication & others sectors“.

what did the declaration of Alma-Ata state regarding the intersectoral coordination?

" technology that is scientifically sound, adaptable to local needs, & acceptable to those who apply it & those for whom it is used, & that can be maintained by the people themselves in keeping with the principle of self-reliance with the resources the community & country can afford“.

define technology

Diagnostic maneuvers

Therapeutic maneuvers

Disease prevention

Disease control

Health promotion

health technologies are required for?

1. ORS in diarrheal disease control.

2. Breast feeding in spacing.

3. Weighing for growth monitoring

the simplicity of the technology is always desirable; examples of such are:

prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation

Personal medical care services

Health care consumers, health care providers, and institution/organization of the health care system

three interrelated components

hospitals, clinics, and home-health agencies

The institutional component

Blue cross/Blue shield

The insurance companies and programs that pays for services

health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and preferred provider organizations (PPOs)

The insurance companies and programs manages-care plans

Medicare and Medicaid

The insurance companies and programs that are entitled programs

primary, secondary, and tertiary.

LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

promote health, prevent diseases and deliver health care services to individuals, families and communities based on the primary health care approach.

The essential services that the health care providers provide

Operate and monitor medical equipment.

Help perform diagnostic tests and analyze the results;

Educate patients and the public about health conditions; and

Provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members.

main responsibilities of the members of a healthcare team

Primary healthcare providers

play an indispensable role in the healthcare system to prevent and manage common health conditions.

 providing data to inform quality improvement efforts.

 inspecting and certifying that a facility or individual meets previously established standards.

 comparing groups for a variety of purposes, including selective contracting by purchasers and choice of providers and practitioners by individuals.

 informing patients, families, and employees about the health care decisions and choices they face.

 identifying and possibly eliminating substandard performers—those whose performance is so far below an acceptable level that immediate actions are needed.

 highlighting, rewarding, and disseminating best practices.

 monitoring and reporting information about changes in quality over time.

 addressing the health needs of communities.

RESOURCES OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM