BIO114 EXAM 3 (DISCUSSION)

purpose of CCP4

after finding the beneficial trait for our caminacules, we did a linkage analysis to ensure that if we are to continue selecting for this trait, it will not be linked with any maladaptive traits

recombination rate for armless trait and white body (ccp4)

33.2 % (m.u. apart)

distance from armless allele to blade tailed allele (ccp4)

44.7 units

map unit values for traits marked with an asterisk (*,**,***) (ccp4)

44.2, 71.8, 78.6

order of the caminacule traits (in descending order) (ccp4)

• outlined spots (80 mu)

• six teeth

• spotted arms

• gut pH=8

• bladed tail

• short body

• white body (33.2 mu)

• arms forked

• green eyes

• eyes together

• armless (0 mu)

purpose of ccp5

to model the predator-prey interactions between the caminacules and their predators

the frigate fish (Navem piscarus) (ccp5)

• predator to the caminacule

• their stealthy gliding and lack of noisy swimming movement (e.g. tail flipping or waving) prevents the caminacules from sensing danger in time

the shiny pollard (Pollardis lucidum) (ccp5)

• the primary predator of the blade-tailed caminacule

• a species of fish that feeds on smaller fish

• could possibly put the caminacules at risk of extinction

Lotka-Volterra model

as prey populations increase, so should predator populations and vice versa (creates an up and down curve)

max amount for the pollard population (ccp5)

75 pollards

max amount for the caminacule population (ccp5)

100 caminacules

number of generations the simulation was run for (ccp5)

50 generations

species richness (ccp6)

the number of species 

keystone species (ccp6)

ecosystem stability is predicted based on the existence of a species

purpose of ccp6

• To learn about effective population size.

• To calculate inbreeding and variance effective population sizes.

• To use inbreeding and variance effective population sizes to form recommendations regarding species survival.

effective population size (ccp6)

individuals who contribute to the overall growth and stability of the population (usually a smaller group)

effective population size and actual population size (ccp6)

if the number of individuals in the effective population size is close to the number of entire individuals in the whole population, the more likely it is to follow H-W equilibrium

extinction vortex (ccp6)

a positive (amplified) feedback loop of detrimental chain events that causes a significant decrease in population size (especially for small populations)

N_ei (ccp6)

inbreeding effective size

N_ev (ccp6)

variance effective size 

the differences in the two equations (ccp6)

However, there is one very important difference. Equation a) is a reflection of the size of the founding population (N(t=0)) because N_ei focuses on how diverse the initial population is.

ΔF (ccp6)

change in the inbreeding coefficient and is an estimate of the population’s risk.

ΔF > 0.6 (ccp6)

indicating that the population may be at risk of going extinct in t number of generations in the future with a current inbreeding effective population size of N_ei.

model organism in ccp6 activity

the California Condor (huge bird)

initial (1975) population of the condor birds (ccp6)

35 condors

final (1981) population of condor birds (ccp6)

16 condors

conclusion for the condors (ccp6)

• delta F value is > 1.0.

• severe risk of inbreeding depression and decrease in the population