Lab 3: Blood Pressure

Mastrangelo Lab #3

“Lub-Dub”

Created with closing of Heart Valves / blood surging against the valve

“Lub”

Closing of the AV Valves

“Dub”

Closing of semilunar valves

2nd Right Intercostal space / right sternal margin

Where sound of aortic semilunar valve is heard

2nd Left Intercostal Space / left sternal margin

Where pulmonary Semilunar is heard

5th intercostal space / in line with middle clavicle

Where mitral valve sounds are heard over heart apex

Right sternal margin of 5th intercostal space (varies)

Where sounds of tricuspid valve are heard

LLSB

Lower lateral sternal boarder: landmark for tricuspid sounds

Aortic Stenosis

Restricts blood flow from left ventrical to the aorta, and may affect pressure in left atrium. Disease forces heart to work harder to push blood throughout body.

Mitral Regurgitation

Blood leaks in the wrong direction

Pulse Points

Areas in body where artery is close to the skin; making it possible to feel blood pulsing through the heart

Normal Pulse

60-100 bpm

PPG

use of green light to moniter blood flow / heart rate

Blood Pressure

Force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

Blood pressure = Cardiac Output x Peripheral Resistance

BP = CO x PR

Systolic Pressure

Ventricular Contraction

Diastolic pressure

Ventricular Relaxation

120 / 80 mmhg

Normal BP

Blood Pressure cuff

Sphygmomanometer

Sounds of Korotkoff

Generated by the sounds of blood flow when using a blood pressure cuff

120-130 / less than 80

Elevated BP

140 / 90

Hypertension

Over 180 / over 120

Severe Hypertension

“The Silent Killer”

So called because high blood pressure has no symptoms

Normal Vessel

Endothelium, smooth muscle, adventitia and no inflammatory cells

Atherosclerosis

Plaque build up in cells

Fatty Streak

Yellow / foam cells; seen in infants / young adults

Fibrous Plaque

White, macrophages and cholesterol; seen in adults

Hyperlipidemia

Elevated Fats

Hypertension

Elevated Blood Pressure

Neointima

New layer of tissue forming inside blood vessels in response to injury

Thiazide diuretics

Microzide, Lasix, Aldactone

Angiotension-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril

Calcium blockers

Verapamil, Amlodipine, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

Beta-blockers

Acebutolol, Metoprolol, Penbutolol, Propranolol

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

Edarbi, Atacand, Teveten

Orthostatic Hypotension

Blood Pressure drops dramatically after standing up