Meiosis and Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Meiosis and Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction lecture.

Nondisjunction

An error in mitosis or meiosis in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly.

Aneuploidy

A condition where a zygote has an abnormal number of a particular chromosome (2n-1 or 2n+1).

Monosomic

Aneuploidy gametes that have only one copy of a particular chromosome (2n-1).

Trisomic

Cells that have three copies of a particular chromosome (2n+1).

Down Syndrome

Also known as Trisomy 21, characterized by specific facial features, short stature, and developmental delays.

Polyploidy

The condition where some organisms have more than two complete chromosomal sets in all somatic cells (e.g., triploidy (3n), tetraploid (4n)).

Klinefelter Syndrome

A condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome (XXY), leading to small testes, sterility, and sometimes female body traits.

Turner Syndrome

A condition in females where there is only one X chromosome (XO), leading to sterility and underdeveloped sex organs.