Exercise Physiology 1

Substrate availability and mass action effect

more substrate available, more reaction will occur

Enzyme activity

lower activation energy, speed up reactions (catalyze)

What do rate limit enzymes do

control overall rate of pathways via negative feedback

Phosphorylation

requires energy

ADP + Pi + energy → ATP

Hydrolysis

produces energy

ATP → ADP + Pi + energy

Name all three systems for resynthesizing ATP from ADP

ATP-PCr (anaerobic)

Glycolytic (glycolysis - anaerobic)

Oxidative (aerobic)

how many mol ATP per mol PCr

1:1

How long does the ATP-PCr System last

3-15 seconds

What is the enzyme used in ATP-PCr

creatine kinase

Which fiber has more PCr

Fast twitch which is why it takes longer to recover when compared to slow twitch fibers

Where does ATP-PCr happen

ADP → ATP happens in mitochondria

the ATP goes to the muscle fibers to make contraction

Oxidation

gain of oxygen, lose hydrogen, lose electron

Reduction

loss of oxygen, gain of electrons, gain of hydrogen

Where do NADH + H+ and FADH2 take electrons

mitochondria

Glycogenolysis

glycogen to glucose

Glycolysis

Glucose to pyruvate / lactate

Gluconeogenesis

glucose from lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol

under conditions where you dont get enough carbs

What does GLUT do

facilitate diffusion of glucose into the cell and across the cell membrane

GLUT 1 vs GLUT 4

1 = non-insulin mediated, mainly liver

4 = insulin mediated, makes it move to cell surface

What makes PFK react

High levels of ADP and Pi and low levels of ATP

What inhibits PFK fro reacting

High levels of ATP, H ions, and citrate