Ch 1: Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy

Structure of the body and their relation with e/o

Physiology

Functions of the body organs & systems

Principal of complimentarity of structure & funtion

Form to function

Complexity of scientific exploration & discovery

observations, questions, hypothesis, experimentation,

Theory

An explanation

Law

Prediction

Characteristics of Life

Responsiveness, Conductivity, Growth, Metabolism, Digestion, Excretion, Circulation and Reproduction

Responsiveness or Irritability

Elicit response

Conductivity

Ability to send information from one area to another

Growth

Increase in size of a body part or the organism

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions of the body

Anabolism

Builds large molecules from small molecules and uses energy

Catabolism

Breaks large molecules into simpler molecules and releases energy

Digestion

Process of breaking down ingested food stuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to all body cells

Excretion

Removal of wastes from the body

Circulation

Movement of needed materials to the cells of the body and removal of wastes from the cells to the organs of excretion

Reproduction

At cellular level by mitosis which allows growth & repair

Levels of Organization

Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System level, Organism

Chemical

Basic level of all matter atoms →molecules

Organelle

Subcellular structure that prefroms a function

Cellular

Basic structural and functional unit of life

Tissue

Group of similar cells working together

Organ

Structure composed of at least two tissue types that preforms a specific function for the body

Integumentary

Outer protection (skin)

Skeletal & Muscular

Support & movement

Nervous & Endocrine

Communication, control, integration and immune

Digestive

Processing & absorption of nutrients

Reproductive

Reproduction and development

Immune

Cell signaling & protection

Organism

Can carry out all of the basic functions of life

Survival Needs

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Body temp, Atmospheric Pressure

Nutrients

Supply substances needed for energy & for building cells

Oxygen

Supplied by the respiratory system & delivered by circulatory system

Water

Provides correct internal environment for chemical reactions and a fluid base for excretion of waste

Body temperature

Approxamentaly 37c/98.6f

Atmospheric Pressure

Respritory system is adapted to a certain range of pressure for gas exchange to be efficient

Homeostasis

Dynamic but stable internal environment that is maintained within our body even as internal & external environment changes

Nature

Seeks equilibrium

System

Seeks homeostasis

Homeostasis Mechanisms

Receptor, Control center, Effector

Receptor

Monitors some variable & responds to changes in the variable by sending input to..

Control Center

Receives input & determines appropriate response

Effector

Provides the means for the control centers response

Homeostasis Imbalance

Sickness & disease cause our body to unable to maintain homeostasis

Superior

Top to bottom ex-nose is superior to lips

Inferior

Bottom to top ex-lips are infererior to the nosde

Anterior

Front side

Ventral

Stomach area

Posterior & Doral

Backside of body

Medial

Midline of the body

Lateral

Further away from n=midline ex- nose to ears is lateral

Proximal

Closer to attachment point ex- elbow to shoulder

Distal

Going away ex-elbow to rist

Caudal inferior

Going toward feet ex- hips to feetS

Superficial

On top ex- skin to tissue & rips to lungs

Deep

Away from surface ex- brain is deep from skull

Ipsilateral

On same side ex-right hand right leg

Contralateral

Opposites ex- right arm left leg

Transverse

Half body ex- top & bottom

Median

Mid line

Frontal

Front half of the body

Sagittal

Divides body from left to right