Option G- Urban Environments

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Characteristics of urban places, including site

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42 Terms

1

Characteristics of urban places, including site

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2

Characteristics of urban places, including function

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3

Characteristics of urban places, including land use

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4

Characteristics of urban places, including hierarchy of settlement (including megacities)

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5

Characteristics of urban places, including growth process (planned or spontaneous)

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6

Factors affecting the pattern of urban economic activities (retail, commercial, industrial), including physical factors

  • access to water

  • hospitable climate

  • agriculture needs arable and fertile land

  • topography

  • space available (defence, expansion)

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7

Factors affecting the pattern of urban economic activities (retail, commercial, industrial), including land values

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8

Factors affecting the pattern of urban economic activities (retail, commercial, industrial) including proximity to a central business district (CBD)

  • Bid rent theory-

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9

Factors affecting the pattern of urban economic activities (retail, commercial, industrial), including planning

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10

Factors affecting the pattern of residential areas within urban areas, including physical factors

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11

Factors affecting the pattern of residential areas within urban areas, including land values

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12

Factors affecting the pattern of residential areas within urban areas, including ethnicity

ethnic groups are more likely to migrate into areas with a sense of community. ethnic populations are often centred around the part of town that was new residential during the migration boom of that period.

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13

Factors affecting the pattern of residential areas within urban areas, including planning 

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14

The incidence of poverty, deprivation and informal activity (housing and industry) in urban areas at varying stages of development

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15

Urbanization & natural increase & centripetal population movement, including 

  • rural–urban migration in industrializing cities 

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16

Urbanization & natural increase & centripetal population movement, including  

  • inner city gentrification in post-industrial cities 

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17

Centrifugal population movements, including 

  • suburbanization 

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18

Centrifugal population movements, including 

  • counter-urbanization 

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19

Urban system growth including infrastructure improvements over time, such as transport

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20

Urban system growth including infrastructure improvements over time, such as sanitation

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21

Urban system growth including infrastructure improvements over time, such as water

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22

Urban system growth including infrastructure improvements over time, such as waste disposal

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23

Urban system growth including infrastructure improvements over time, such as telecommunications

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24

Case study of infrastructure growth over time in one city Shanghai

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25

The causes of urban deindustrialization and its economic, social and demographic consequences

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26

Urban microclimate modification and management, including the urban heat island effect

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27

Urban microclimate modification and management, including air pollution patterns and its management 

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28

Case study of air pollution in one city and its varying impact on people 

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29

Traffic congestion patterns, trends and impacts

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30

Case study of one affected city and the management response 

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31

Contested land use changes, including slum clearances

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32

Contested land use changes, including urban redevelopment

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33

Contested land use changes, including the depletion of green space

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34

Detailed contrasting examples of two neighbourhoods affected by land use change and their populations 

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35

Managing the impacts of urban social deprivation, including the cycle of deprivation and geographic patterns of crime

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36

Urban growth projections for 2050, including regional/continental patterns and trends of rural–urban migration

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37

Urban growth projections for 2050, including changing urban population sizes and structures.

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38

Resilient city design, including strategies to manage escalating climatic and geopolitical risks to urban areas

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39

Two detailed examples to illustrate possible strategies for resilient cities

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40

Eco city design, including strategies to manage the urban ecological footprint

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41

Two detailed examples to illustrate possible environmental strategies of eco cities

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42

Smart city design and the use of new technology to run city services and systems, including purpose-built settlements and retrofitting technology to older settlements

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