A&P Final Test chap 1

anatomy

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Physiology

Concerns the function of the body, in other words how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities

Homeostasis

the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

Levels of organization of the body

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

digestive system function

takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)

respiratory system function

takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

urinary system function

eliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions

cardiovascular system function

via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs

integumentary system function

protects the body as a whole from the external environment

ventral body cavity

the more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities, has 2 major subdivisions, houses internal organs called Viscera

organs in ventral cavity

lungs, heart, digestive organs, reproductive organs, kidneys, urinary organs

organs in dorsal cavity

brain, spinal cord

dorsal cavity

smaller body cavity towards back, protects nervous system organs

Cavities inside ventral cavity

pleural, abdominal, pelvic, mediastinum/cardiac

Axial

Main axis of body, head neck and trunk

Appendicular

All limbs

Frontal/Coronal plane

divide body into anterior and posterior

Transverse/horizontal plane

runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Sagittal plane

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Medial

Towards the midline of body

Lateral

Towards sides of body

Anterior

Towards front of body

Posterior

Towards back of body

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Proximal

closer to origin of bodypart/point of limb attachment

Distal

farther from origin of body part/point of limb attachment

Deep

more internal

Superficial

towards or at body surface

Dorsal

towards or at back of the body/behind

ventral

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

1

Right hypochondriac

2

Epigastric

3

Left hypochondriac

4

Right lumbar

5

Umbilical

6

Left lumbar

7

Right iliac

8

Hypogastric

9

Left iliac

cephalic

head

femoral

thigh

pedal

foot

buccal

cheek

patellar

kneecap (anterior knee)

carpal

wrist

oral

mouth

sural

calf or posterior leg

pectoral

chest

otic

ear

crural

leg

abdominal

anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

brachial

arm

calcaneal

heel

lumbar

area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

antebrachial

forearm

pollex

thumb

popliteal

back of knee

antecubital

front of elbow

hallux

big toe

axillary

armpit