CCMA Course- Vaccinations and Immunizations

Vaccine schedule

Contraindications to vaccines

the addition of preservatives or stabilizers that may be the cause of allergy sensitivity such as gelatin, eggs, or other types of plant derivatives used in processing the vaccines. Read the package inserts very carefully and screen the patient before administering the immunizing agents to verify the prior history of sensitivity or allergic reaction.

Only accept written documentation as proof of vaccination for all vaccines except:

Influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines

What can be given to kids after a vaccination to reduce discomfort?

-An age appropriate dose of a non-aspirin containing pain reliever

SDV

never use any vaccine left in a single dose vial after you have administered it. Dispose of it properly.

MFSs

manufacturer filled syringes are prepared with a single dose of vaccine and are sealed under sterile conditions by the manufacturer

Used only for one patient and one injection

Multidose vial

contains more than one dose of vaccine. Contains an antimicrobial preservative to help prevent the growth of microorganisms... can be used in more than one patient.

Oral applicator

contains only one dose of oral vaccine.... no preservative

Only rotavirus is administered this way

BUD

beyond use date. BUD replaces the manufacturers expiration date and information on how to determine the BUD is influded in vaccine pack

Power/pellet form vaccine

reconstitution

-Lyophilized vaccine and diluent come together from the manufacturer. Vaccine should be reconstituted using only diluent supplied for that vaccine.

What syringe size to administer injectable vaccines?

1 mL to 3 mL

What size needle can be used for most vaccines

fine gauge (22 to 25)

Needle length

Labeling syringes

Label syringe immediately prior to administration so you know which one to administer

Which vaccine is injected last

the most painful one

Painful vaccines

measles, mumps, rubella, PCV13, HPV

Breastfeeding during vaccination of children 2 and under

Or bottle-feeding

highly recommended

Sucrose or glucose for vaccine administration

yes

Topical anesthetics

block transmission of pain signals from the skin. Use only for recommended ages and types of patients

Oral

PO

Intranasal

NAS

Subcutaneous injection

SC

administered into the fatty tissue found below the dermis and above muscle tissue

recommended site for infants under 12 months is fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh, or fatty tissue over the triceps

For adults; triceps of upper arm

Intramuscular

IM

Administered into muscle tissue below the skin and subcutaneous tissue

-For infants less than 3 yo, use vastus lateralis in the thigh

-For 3 and up, use deltoid muscle in upper arm

Intradermal injection

ID

Administration of rotavirus

-administer liquid slowly against side of infants cheek

-allow child to swallow

FluMist

only vaccine administered by intranasal route in the US

What vaccines are administered subcutaneously

MMR, IPV, VAR, PPSV23

To administer subcutaenous

cleanse skin with alcohol swab

Pinch needle and underlying fatty tissue

Insert needle at 45 degree angle and inject vaccine

To administer intramuscular

Skin should be spread and tissues not bunched

For pediatric or geriatric patients, skin can be bunched up

Insert needle at 90 degree angle and inject the vaccine, withdraw the needle

Vaccines by intramuscular injection

HepB, DTaP, DT< Hib, PCV13, IIV, HepA, 9vHPV, MenACWY, Tdap, Td, MenB, IPV, PPSV23, RZV

Which vaccine can be administered by either subcutaneous or intramuscular injection?

Polio and pneumococcal polysaccharide

Administering multiple injections

Separate injections by 1 inch or more to isolate if reaction takes place.

Combination vaccines

simultaneous administration of antigens from several pathogens

can reduce number of injections required.

Most combination vaccines are administered via what route

intramuscular

What to document for vaccine administration

-Vaccine and date it was administered

-Vaccine manufacturer

-Vaccine lot number

-Name and title of person who administered the vaccine and address of the facility where the permanent medical record is kept

-Edition date of the vaccine information statement, located on back

-Date the VIS was given to patient, parent, or guardian

-Route, Dosage and Site of adminstration