Week 1 - what is dental hygiene

dental hygienist - official definition

primary care oral health professional

what is a dental hygienist

• primary care oral health professional

• graduated from accredited program

• licensed/registered in DH

• collaborate to improve the public’s oral health

• supports overall health

who is known as “father of DH”

Dr. Alfred C. Fones

who is known as “mother of DH”

Irene Newman

history of profession

• Dr. Alfred Fones noticed a lot of dental caries, he wanted to prevent it rather than treat it

• he sent Irene Newman to educate the public about preventative measures

• they wanted to push prevention and education as opposed to treatment

Roles of dental hygienist

• entrepreneur

• administrator

• corporate

• public health

• researcher

• educator

• clinician

entrepreneur role of hygienist

• someone who develops product or instrument

• hygienists in canada can practice for themselves

administrator role of hygienist

• manage a team that has the same goal

• chairperson

corporate role of hygienist

works for company who promotes oral health

public health role of hygienist

• improve access to care

• address problems that plague a community

researcher role of hygienist

• testing theories and procedures to test ethics

• safety to improve the field

educator role of hygienist

• an actual teacher

• sales reps that educate you in hopes you buy their product

clinician role of hygienist

someone who works in a practice or hospital

Dental Hygiene Practice Act

• determines and specifies type of supervision

• is according to each state

types of supervision on Dental Hygiene Practice Act

• direct supervision

• personal supervision

• general supervision

• direct access supervision

• collaborative supervision

• indirect supervision

• remote supervision

• independent practice

The kinds of supervision are used in NYS

• personal supervision

• general supervision

direct supervision

• dentist is present

• look in book for definition

personal supervision

?

genral supervision

• dentist has approved treatment plan and does not have to be on site when it’s being performed

direct access supervision

?

collaborative

• can practice without supervision

indirect supervision

dentist must be in the office

remote supervision

dentist is not on site, but communication is provided

independent practice

dental hygienist who can work in any setting without supervision

what is clinical services

? definiftion in book

types of clinical services

• preventative services

• educational services

• therapeutic services

preventative service

• methods to promote and improve oral health

• 3 categories:

  • primary prevention - preventing before it occurs

  • secondary prevention - treating early disease to improve condition

  • tertiary prevention - restoring lost tissue

educational services

educating patients about oral health

therapeutic services

clinic treatments designed to maintain and treat oral tissue

dental hygiene education

• AS/AAS degree

• BS degree

• Master degree

• Doctoral degree

• continuing education:

  • wanting you to stay current

  • every 3 years you have to do 24 continuing education credits

  • 10 of 24 can be online

how often do DH have to take an infection contrpol course

every 4 years

how often do DH have to update their license

every 3 years

what are alternative practice settings a DH who is authorized to carry out services in these places practice

• schools

• public health settings

• headstart settings

• nursing homes

• free clinics

• community centers

advanced dental hygiene professional

• a DH who further educates themselves which allows them to do more things like, simple procedures

• treat underserved populations via collaborative agreement

• they have to get a new degree and license

interprofessional collaborative patient care

• work with other healthcare professionals to caew to patients optimally

• they have to have:

  • communicate - effectively communicate with other professionals, patients, and families

  • teamwork - good management, team player, work together for the best of the patient

  • values/ethics

  • roles/responsibilities - know your role on the team

overall goals of professional practice

• health promotion

• disease prevention

• assist individuals and groups

• maintain optimum oral health

personal goals of professional practice

• exemplify professional ethics and conduct

• demonstrate interpersonal relationships

• self evaluation throughout professional life

• lifelong learning

• engagement in professional association

clinical practice goals of professional practice

• apply evidence-based knowlege/care -

  • needs to be proven safe and effective

  • oral-systemic connection

  • recognize oral conditions

  • disease prevention

  • clinical and intructional procedures

• develop individualized plans -

  • every patient is different

  • plan and carry out DH interventions

  • identify and care for special needs and medically compromised patients

• educate -

  • have to educate about what we are doing or what they need to do themselves

  • motivational interviewing

• adopt safe and effective infection control and clinical practices -

  • apply. standard precautions

  • treating everyone like they are infectious to protect others

what does the dental hygiene process of care do

• provide a framework to meet each patient’s individual needs

• identify risk factors to assist in the prevention and/or management of oral disease

Dental hygiene process of care (ADPIED)

• assess

• diagnose

• plan

• implement

• evaluate

• document

Assessment in process of care (ADPIED)

• subjective and objective data -

  • (subjective being patient’s POV, what they report)

  • (objective being measurable and factual)

  • chief complaint - patient’s reason why they are there

  • risk factors for oral disease - collect info about patient

  • overall health status - are the healthy, take meds?

  • oral healthcare knowledge level of patient- build on the knowledge they have

  • patient’s self care ability - do they have something that prevents them from taking care of oral health

• different kinds of assessment -

  • medical history extra and intra oral exam, occlusion, restorative, periodontal, gingival, plaque index, calculus, deposits

Diagnosis in process of care (ADPIED)

• identification of an existing or potential oral health problem that the dental hygienist is qualified and licensed to treat

• within DH’s legal scope of practice depending on state in which they practice - NY RDH cannot diagnose

• the problem statement:

  • critical thinking - extract significant info

  • provide basis on which DH care plan is designed, implemented, evaluated

  • justify treatment proposed

  • DH assumes responsibility for patient care

Plan in process of care (ADPIED)

• selection of evidence based strategies and interventions individualized to patient

• based on assessment data and diagnosis

• present to dentist for integration with comprehensice dental care plan

• present to patient:

  • understanding of interventions

  • appointment requirements

  • informed consent - patient must agree

Implementation in process of care (ADPIED)

activation phase of care plan

Evaluation in process of care (ADPIED)

• assessment of outcomes

• determines whether patient needs to be:

  • retreated - treatment is done again

  • referred - referring them to specialist so that they can get better treatment

  • continuing care - everything has gone to plan

Documentation in process of care (ADPIED)

• assessment data

• diagnosis

• care plan

• treatments

• patienr education

• evaluation

dental hygiene ethics

• standards of right and wrong

• guides behavior

The Code of Ethics

• describes professional conduct

• outlines responsibilities and duties of each memeber toward patients, colleagues, society

• includes:

  • basic beliefs

  • fundamental principles

  • core values

  • standards of professional responsibilities

Core values

• selected principles of ethical behavior

• heart of the code of a profession

• include:

  • individual autonomy and respect for human beings

  • confidentiality

  • societal trust (public trust in our profession is based on our actions)

  • nonmaleficence (obligation to provide services that protect all patients and minimize harm to them and other involved in treatment

  • beneficene (promoting well being of everyone by engaging in health promotion/disease prevention

  • justice/fairness (support the idea that everyone deserves high-quality affordable oral health care)

  • veracity (obligation to tell the truth and expect others to do the same)

personal values

• value development begins at early age

• influenced by familial, social, economic factors

• life experiences

• self-assess values, attitudes, responsibilities

patient first

• patient comes first

• ethically, morally, and legally responsible to provide care for ALL - NO discrimination

• ethical decision making

• professional behavior

Lifelong learning: an ethical duty

• to ensure optimal care

• to maintain competency

• to learn scientific advances from new research

• to provide evidence-based patient care

• to apply consistent ethical reasoning

• to ensure fulfillment of each patient’s rights

cultural considerations

• effects of culture on oral health status

• culturally effective oral health care

• sensitivity and respect

attaining cultural competence

• values diversity

• honest self- assessment

• acquires knowledge

• nonjudgmental

• adapts delivery of care