Botany practice exam 1

what type of cell walls do parenchyma cells have?

thin primary cell walls

what is primary function of collenchyma cells in young stems and leaves?

providing support and allowing for growth

characteristic of sclerenchyma fibers

long, narrow cells with thick, pitted cell walls

what does the ovule develop into during the mature embryo stage in eudicots

seed coat

what is region between cotyledon attachment point & radicle called

hypocotyl

in hypogeous germination, which part of the plant elongates while cotelydons remain below ground

epicotyl

lateral growth in roots occurs in similar fashion as in stems. which of the following forms towards the inside of the vascular cambium, forming wood-like tissue.

secondary xylem

what is the term for the parenchyma cells outside the vascular bundles?

interfasicular cambium

which part of the embryo does the shoot system originate from?

plume

where is an axillary bud usually found?

the area between a leaf and the stem

what type of tissue does the vascular cambium produce?

secondary xylem and secondary phloem

what does the procambium give rise to?

primary xylem and primary phloem

what does the bark consist of?

all tissue external to the vascular cambium

in which directions does the vascular cambium divide?

secondary phloem (outside) and secondary xylem (inside)

what is the ploidy level of the endosperm in eudicots

triploid

during the tornado stage in eudicots, where is the shoot apical meristem?

between the cotyledons

what is the process by which the seed takes up water

imbibition

what part of plant emerges first during germination in eudicots

radicle

what is fxn of terminal bud

contains shoot apical meristem & is responsible for the vertical growth of the plant

which part of plant stem is responsible for formation of new leaves

leaf primordium

which meristematic tissue is responsible for the formation of primary xylem and primary phloem

procambium

which direction does xylem face in vascular bundle

inside

what is the fxn of companion cells in phloem tissue

they posess nuclei & perform processes to keep sieve cells alive

what are the two types of dead cells in xylem tissue

tracheids and vessel elements

what substance glues plant cells together

pectin

what are nodes in plant stems

points of attachment of leaves spaced at regular intervals

what is the primary characteristic of heartwood in terms of water conduction

in no longer conducts water

stages of embryogenesis

globular, heart, torpedo

root hairs live…

breifly; frequently renewed

in which type of vascular bundle arrangment are the vascular bundles discrete but arranged in a circle

eustele

which tissue is found at the center of the stem in herbaceous plants

pith

what is the function of the pericycle in root development

it is zone of root branching

main types of plant branching

monopodial and sympodial

why is the periderm mostly not permeable

waxy suberin

what role can mesophyll serve

photosynthetic and regulatory role

what does ‘pubescent’ mean in regerence to trichomes

hairy

2 parts of mesophyll

palisafe tissue and spongy tissue

what happens to protoxylem cells as metaxylem grows

they are crushed

what does the casparain strip force

movement through the living cell regulated by the plasma membrane

where do root hairs form & help absorb water & nutrients

zone of maturation

what is the term used to describe the thin area around roots where complex chemistry occurs for nutrient absorption

rhizosphere