HES 145 Overview: Health Disparities & Dimensions of Wellness

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering health disparities, the dimensions of wellness, mortality statistics, public health achievements, and wellness concepts.

Wellness

Optimal health and vitality, influenced continuously by multiple interacting dimensions.

Occupational Wellness

The seventh dimension of wellness highlighted in the course overview, distinct from the six primary dimensions focused on in class.

Infectious Disease

A disease that is communicable from one person to another.

Chronic Disease

A disease that develops and continues over a long period of time.

Health Disparities

Differences in health that are closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages.

Health Equity

Defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among people.

Social Determinants of Health

Key factors influencing health outcomes, including Economic Stability, Educational Attainment, Social Interactions and Community Context, Health Care Access, and Built Environment.

3FOUR50

A global health concept identifying 3 risk factors (tobacco use, poor diet including alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity) that lead to 4 chronic diseases (heart disease, type 2 diabetes, lung disease, some cancers), causing over 50% of preventable deaths worldwide.

Healthy People 2020

A national initiative aiming to increase quality and years of healthy life while eliminating health disparities among Americans across 12 primary topic areas.

Healthy Campus 2010

Guidelines adapted from Healthy People 2010 specifically designed for college students, featuring more than 200 health-related objectives.

Quantity of Life vs. Quality of Life

A measure of population health breaking down total life expectancy ($78.1\text{ years}$) into healthy life ($66.4\text{ years}$) and impaired life ($11.7\text{ years}$).

Physical Wellness

A dimension of wellness involving behaviors such as eating well, exercising, avoiding harmful habits, practicing safer sex, recognizing disease symptoms, getting regular checkups, and avoiding injuries.

Emotional Wellness

A dimension of wellness that includes optimism, trust, self-esteem, self-acceptance, self-confidence, and the ability to understand, accept, and share one's feelings.

Intellectual Wellness

A dimension characterized by openness to new ideas, critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, curiosity, humor, and lifelong learning.

Interpersonal Wellness

A dimension of wellness encompassing communication skills, capacity for intimacy, ability to establish and maintain satisfying relationships, and cultivating a support system.

Spiritual Wellness

A dimension involving a capacity for love, compassion, forgiveness, altruism, joy, fulfillment, caring for others, and a sense of meaning and purpose higher than oneself.

Environmental Wellness

A dimension focused on clean natural resources, sustainable development, recycling, and reducing pollution and waste.

Leading Cause of Death in the U.S. (2017)

Heart Disease, which accounted for 647,457 deaths, followed closely by Cancer with 599,108 deaths.

Leading Cause of Death for Ages 15-24

Accidents (unintentional injuries), causing 11,908 deaths in 2012, followed by suicide and assault (homicide).

Tobacco Use (Lifestyle Cause of Death)

The leading preventable lifestyle cause of death in the United States, causing approximately 440,000 deaths per year ($18.1\%$ of overall annual deaths).

20th Century Life Expectancy Change

An increase in average life expectancy from $47.3\text{ years}$ in 1900 to $76.9\text{ years}$ in 2000, largely due to public health advancements.

Ten Greatest Public Health Achievements of the 20th Century

Major public health successes including vaccinations, motor vehicle safety, workplace safety, infectious disease control, CVD/stroke reduction, safe foods, maternal/infant care, family planning, fluoridated water, and tobacco hazard recognition.

Wellness Continuum

A progressive scale spanning from low-level wellness (irreversible disability, chronic illness, malaise) through a neutral point to high-level wellness (optimal well-being, vital meaningful life).

Factors That Influence Wellness

Key elements including individual health habits, heredity/family history, environment and culture, and access to healthcare.

U.S. Population Distribution (Whites)

The largest single demographic segment depicted in the U.S. population distribution chart, representing $66.2\%$ of the total population.