Exam #3 (Practice Exam)

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Biology

11th

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54 Terms

1
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In the axon, the nerve impulse travels:
Away from the cell body
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Dendrites:
Carry impulses toward a cell body
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Which part of the brain contains centers for the heartbeat and respiration?
Medulla Oblongata
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The largest portion of the human brain is the
Cerebrum
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Which description best fits the central nervous system (CNS)?
Consists of the brain and spinal cord, located in the midline of the body
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Which of the following produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
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All of the following statements concerning myelinated axons are true except:
Myelin decreases the speed of nerve impulse conduction
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Saltatory conduction occurs when:
An action potential jumps from node to node
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Which of the following is correctly associated?
Pons: regulates breathing rate
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Which of the following is true about the cerebellum?
It maintains posture and balance and coordinated, voluntary movements.
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What type(s) of receptor is(are) found in the retina?
Rods and cones
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If light rays are not focused evenly on the retina, a fuzzy image is formed. This condition is called:
Astigmatism
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A person who has a decreased ability to see objects that are far away has developed a condition known as:
Nearsightedness
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The bones of the middle ear:
Transmit sound waves (vibrate)
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Which correctly traces the path of a sound vibration?
Auditory canal, Tympanic membrane, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Oval window, Cochlea, Cochlear nerve
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Rotational equilibrium depends on which of the following structures?
Semicircular canals
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Which of the following is an incorrect association of sensory problems?
Farsightedness: eyes have an elongated shape resulting in an image focusing in front of the retina
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Red bone marrow:
Produces blood cells
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Which of the following attach muscle to bone?
Tendons
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Scientists utilize carpet beetles to consume the flesh on an animal carcass. When finished, all that remains are the bones and the tissue that connects the bone together. What tissue did the beetles avoid?
Ligaments
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Bone-forming cells are called:
Osteoblasts
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What type of cell breaks down bone, resulting in increased calcium levels in the blood?
Osteoclasts
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In young persons who are still developing, what is the band of cartilage cartilage called that remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary ossification center (where bones lengthen)?
Growth plate
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Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?
Scapula
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Which one of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
Ribs
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The upper arm bone is known as the:
Humerus
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Tooth sockets are located on which of the following bones?
Maxillae and mandible
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Which of the following is the correct order of vertebrae from the neck downwards?
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Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
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Which of these bones is found in the pelvic girdle?
Coxal
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What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur
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The origin of a muscle:
Refers to its attachment to a stationary bone
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What is the name of the muscle that you sit on?
Gluteus Maximus
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An athlete has really "ripped" abdominal muscles. What muscle(s) has/have been exercised extensively to get that appearance?
Rectus Abdominis
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The antagonistic muscle to the quadriceps femoris group is the:
Hamstring
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The sarcoplasmic reticulum will release calcium ions after the muscle impulses travel through the:
T tubules
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What is the name of the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?
Acetylcholine
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Cross-bridges (in muscle tissue) connect:
Myosin to Actin
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Which of the following will increase during strenuous muscular activity?
Lactic acid
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Which body system consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones?
Endocrine system
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Which of the following endocrine glands stimulates the production and maturation of T lymphocytes?
Thymus
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Which of the following hormones will allow us to react to emergency situations?
Norepinephrine
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Which hormone will decrease blood glucose levels?
Insulin
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Glucagon stimulates the:
Liver to break down glycogen to produce glucose
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Which of the following is an effect of the hormone testosterone?
Growth of hair and muscular tissue
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Which gland produces melatonin?
Pineal gland
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A person with a reversed day-night schedule stays up all night and sleeps during the day. \n This alteration changes what hormone levels?
Melatonin
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What is an endocrine function of the pancreas?
The pancreas secretes glucagon that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose
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The sporozoanToxoplasma gondii can be harmful to a developing fetus. Thus, pregnant women are advised to avoid:
Cat feces
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The infective agent of which human disease has an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual reproductive phase in the Anopheles mosquito?
Malaria
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Which of the following is an example of a bacterial disease/infection?
Staphylococcus aureus
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Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection?
Athletes foot
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Which of the following is caused by a roundworm (associated with undercooked pork)?
Trichinosis
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On the diagram below list the steps of muscle contraction learned in class (starting with a nerve impulse traveling to a muscle):

1. Nerve sends impulse to the muscle
2. The nerve impulse travels down the t-tubules to the muscle cells
3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin
4. This binding causes tropomyosin to move, exposing myosin binding sites on the actin
5. Myosin heads using ATP bind to actin and pull the actin inward, shortening the distance between z-lines - this happens in thousands of muscles cells resulting in contraction of the muscle
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List 6 endocrine glands:

1. Adrenal glands
2. Testis
3. Ovaries
4. Pancreas
5. Thymus
6. Thyroid