Exam #3 (Practice Exam)

In the axon, the nerve impulse travels:

Away from the cell body

Dendrites:

Carry impulses toward a cell body

Which part of the brain contains centers for the heartbeat and respiration?

Medulla Oblongata

The largest portion of the human brain is the

Cerebrum

Which description best fits the central nervous system (CNS)?

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, located in the midline of the body

Which of the following produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells

All of the following statements concerning myelinated axons are true except:

Myelin decreases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Saltatory conduction occurs when:

An action potential jumps from node to node

Which of the following is correctly associated?

Pons: regulates breathing rate

Which of the following is true about the cerebellum?

It maintains posture and balance and coordinated, voluntary movements.

What type(s) of receptor is(are) found in the retina?

Rods and cones

If light rays are not focused evenly on the retina, a fuzzy image is formed. This condition is called:

Astigmatism

A person who has a decreased ability to see objects that are far away has developed a condition known as:

Nearsightedness

The bones of the middle ear:

Transmit sound waves (vibrate)

Which correctly traces the path of a sound vibration?

Auditory canal, Tympanic membrane, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Oval window, Cochlea, Cochlear nerve

Rotational equilibrium depends on which of the following structures?

Semicircular canals

Which of the following is an incorrect association of sensory problems?

Farsightedness: eyes have an elongated shape resulting in an image focusing in front of the retina

Red bone marrow:

Produces blood cells

Which of the following attach muscle to bone?

Tendons

Scientists utilize carpet beetles to consume the flesh on an animal carcass. When finished, all that remains are the bones and the tissue that connects the bone together. What tissue did the beetles avoid?

Ligaments

Bone-forming cells are called:

Osteoblasts

What type of cell breaks down bone, resulting in increased calcium levels in the blood?

Osteoclasts

In young persons who are still developing, what is the band of cartilage cartilage called that remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary ossification center (where bones lengthen)?

Growth plate

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Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?

Scapula

Which one of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

Ribs

The upper arm bone is known as the:

Humerus

Tooth sockets are located on which of the following bones?

Maxillae and mandible

Which of the following is the correct order of vertebrae from the neck downwards?

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Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

Which of these bones is found in the pelvic girdle?

Coxal

What is the longest bone in the body?

Femur

The origin of a muscle:

Refers to its attachment to a stationary bone

What is the name of the muscle that you sit on?

Gluteus Maximus

An athlete has really "ripped" abdominal muscles. What muscle(s) has/have been exercised extensively to get that appearance?

Rectus Abdominis

The antagonistic muscle to the quadriceps femoris group is the:

Hamstring

The sarcoplasmic reticulum will release calcium ions after the muscle impulses travel through the:

T tubules

What is the name of the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Acetylcholine

Cross-bridges (in muscle tissue) connect:

Myosin to Actin

Which of the following will increase during strenuous muscular activity?

Lactic acid

Which body system consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones?

Endocrine system

Which of the following endocrine glands stimulates the production and maturation of T lymphocytes?

Thymus

Which of the following hormones will allow us to react to emergency situations?

Norepinephrine

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Which hormone will decrease blood glucose levels?

Insulin

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Glucagon stimulates the:

Liver to break down glycogen to produce glucose

Which of the following is an effect of the hormone testosterone?

Growth of hair and muscular tissue

Which gland produces melatonin?

Pineal gland

A person with a reversed day-night schedule stays up all night and sleeps during the day. \n This alteration changes what hormone levels?

Melatonin

What is an endocrine function of the pancreas?

The pancreas secretes glucagon that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose

The sporozoanToxoplasma gondii can be harmful to a developing fetus. Thus, pregnant women are advised to avoid:

Cat feces

The infective agent of which human disease has an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual reproductive phase in the Anopheles mosquito?

Malaria

Which of the following is an example of a bacterial disease/infection?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection?

Athletes foot

Which of the following is caused by a roundworm (associated with undercooked pork)?

Trichinosis

On the diagram below list the steps of muscle contraction learned in class (starting with a nerve impulse traveling to a muscle):

1. Nerve sends impulse to the muscle

2. The nerve impulse travels down the t-tubules to the muscle cells

3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin

4. This binding causes tropomyosin to move, exposing myosin binding sites on the actin

5. Myosin heads using ATP bind to actin and pull the actin inward, shortening the distance between z-lines - this happens in thousands of muscles cells resulting in contraction of the muscle

List 6 endocrine glands:

1. Adrenal glands

2. Testis

3. Ovaries

4. Pancreas

5. Thymus

6. Thyroid