IELTS Reading Synonyms – Lecture Vocabulary

50 vocabulary flashcards summarizing key IELTS reading synonyms across topics: environment, education, science & technology, psychology & behaviour, and society & culture.

urban

relating to a city or town

deterioration

decline in quality or condition

species

a group of living organisms that share common characteristics

emission

release of gas or substance into the atmosphere

contamination

introduction of pollutants; pollution

preserve

protect from harm, decay, or loss

excessive

too much; more than is necessary

utilize

make practical use of

deplete

reduce the quantity of; use up

consume

use up resources; eat or drink

pupil

student, especially at school level

curriculum

syllabus or course of study

academic

related to education or scholarship

evaluate

assess or judge the quality of

tuition

money paid for instruction; school fees

discipline (subject)

field or branch of knowledge studied

mandatory

compulsory; required by rule

literacy

ability to read and write

vocational

career-based; related to skilled trades

higher education

study at university or college level

innovation

a new idea, method, or device

experiment

controlled test or scientific investigation

device

machine or piece of equipment

hypothesis

tentative explanation or theory to be tested

data

information collected for analysis

method

systematic approach or procedure

detect

discover or identify the presence of

breakthrough

major advance or significant discovery

function

role or purpose of something

implement

carry out; put into effect

motivation

drive or reason that initiates action

reward

incentive given for achievement

anxiety

nervousness, worry, or unease

tendency

inclination toward a particular type of behavior

emotion

feeling such as joy, anger, or fear

resist

withstand or oppose

temptation

desire to do something attractive but possibly wrong

peer

person of the same age or status

depression

persistent sadness and low mood

self-discipline

self-control; ability to regulate one’s behaviour

custom

traditional practice of a community

value

belief about what is important

minority

smaller ethnic or social group within a population

integration

inclusion into a larger society or group

discrimination

unfair treatment based on group identity

poverty

lack of money or basic resources

inequality

unfairness or imbalance between groups

crime

offence against the law

fraud

deception intended to gain money or advantage

justice

fairness in protection of rights and punishment of wrongs