Psycho-Bio Test 2

The three major issues that interest developmental psychologists are nature/nurture, stability/change and

continuously/stages

Although development is lifelong, there is stability over time. For example,

temperament tends to remain stable throughout life

The threadlike structures made largely of DNA molecules are called

chromosomes

A small segment of DNA is referred to as a

gene

The mother and father each contribute how many chromosomes?

23 chromosomes each

Body organs first begin to form and function during the period of the

embryo

Within 6 months, during the period of the ____, the organs are sufficiently functional to
allow a good chance to survive and thrive.

fetus

Chemicals that the placenta isn’t able to screen out that
may harm an embryo or fetus are called

teratogens

Stroke a newborn's cheek and the infant will root fora
nipple. This illustrates

a reflex

Fraternal twins result when

two eggs are fertilized by two sperm

_____ twins share the same DNA

identical

Adoption studies seek to understand genetic influences on
personality. They do this mainly by

evaluating whether adopted children’s personalities more closely resemble those of their adoptive parents or their biological parents

_____ studies explore how experiences put molecular
marks on genes that trigger or block their expression.

epigenetic

Between ages 3 and 6, the human brain experiences the greatest growth in the ____ lobes, which we use for rational planning and which aid memory.

frontal

Which of the following is true of motor-skill development?

the sequence, but not the timing, is universal

Why can’t we consciously recall how we learned to walk when we were infants?

.

Although Piaget’s stage theory continues to inform our
understanding of children’s thinking, many researchers
believe that

Piaget’s “stages” begin earlier and development is more continuous than he realized.

Adolescence is marked by the onset of

puberty

In Erikson’s stages, the primary task during adolescence is

forging an identity

An 8 month old infant who reacts to a new babysitter by crying and clinging to his father's shoulder is showing

stranger anxiety

From the very first weeks of life, infants differ in their
characteristic emotional reactions, with some infants being intense and anxious, while others are easygoing
and relaxed. These differences are usually explained as
differences in

upbringing

Freud defined the healthy adult as one who is able to
love and work. Erikson agreed, observing that the adult
struggles to attain intimacy and

Basic units of heredity are called

genes

Every body cell contains 23 pairs of

chromosomes

Nature/nurture views of development refer to

heredity/environment

Identical twins are

monozygotic

The only time a skill can develop well is during

a critical period

A period of rapid development in one area is

a growth cycle

The automatic and orderly sequence of development is called

maturation

Parents who rigidly set rules for children use the

dictatorial parenting style

The feeling of being worthwhile and useful is called

self-esteem

Characteristics obtained directly from the genes are

heredity

A specific time of development that is the only time when a particular skill can begin to develop or an association can occur is called

a critical period

A process that occurs at a preset time in development, when the brain is ready to receive and respond to a specific stimulus is

imprinting

Parents and their children form a(n)

nuclear family

Patterns of development in which some areas develop more rapidly and some more slowly, but all in a way preplanned by nature are

growth cycles

Piagets term for the awareness that specific objects are real and exist all by themselves is called

object permanence

The ways in which thinking and reasoning grown and change is

cognitive development

The fertilized egg is called the

zygote

Unit cells of heredity containing genes (23) in reproductive cells, 46 in all other are called

chromosomes

In a series of experiments, the Harlows found that
monkeys raised with artificial mothers tended, when
afraid, to cling to their cloth mother, rather than to a wire mother holding the feeding bottle. Why was this finding important?

Before these studies, many psychologists believed that infants became attached to those who nourished them, not those who comforted them.

Some developmenal psychologists now refer to the period that occurs in some Western cultures from age 18 to the mid-twenties and beyond (up to the time of social independence) as _______ _____

emerging adulthood

By age 65, a person would be most likely to experience a cognitive decline in the ability to

recall and list all the important terms and concepts in a chapter

Contrary to what many people assume,

people of all ages report similar levels of happiness