Sociology Final Review Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a ____ research method.

a. logos

b. pathos

c. quantitative

d. qualitative

c. quantitative

Weber's proposal of anti-positivism influenced sociological researchers to _____ while examining different social worlds.

a. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

b. Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent

c. Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions

d. Methodically predict situational outcomes

a. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Max Weber, Georg Simmel and Karl Marx were all advocates of:

a. Conflict theory

b. Symbolic interactionism

c. Structural functionalism

d. Capitalism

a. conflict theory

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?

a. Symbolic interactionism

b. Anti positivism

c. Constructivism

d. Criticism

c. constructivism

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact?

a. a law

b. a religious belief

c. a custom

d. all of the above are social facts

d. all of the above are social facts

_______ work is the basis for conflict theory

a. Emile Durkheim

b. Auguste Comte

c. Georg Simmel

d. Karl Marx

d. Karl Marx

Which theories claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy?

a. Emile Durkheim

b. Max Weber

c. Karl Marx

d. Herbert Spencer

d. Emile Durkheim

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student, and is heavily weighted to the rich when it comes to Ivy League Colleges. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under?

a. Structural Functionalism

b. Behaviorism

c. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Conflict Theory

d. conflict theory

Auguste Comte is know for

a. Conducting the first sociological research

b. Developing the first sociology program

c. Coining the term "sociology"

d. Writing the first sociology textbook

c. coining the term “sociology”

________ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.

a. Social Individualists

b. Symbolic Interactionists

c. Conflict Theorists

d. Structural functionalists

d. Structural functionalists

W.E.B. DuBois was most interested in which of the following?

a. Social justice

b. Social stability

c. Discovering the laws of society

d. Empiricism

a. Social Justice

Sociology is defined as the:

a. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon

b. Systematic study of society and social interaction

c. Theoretical examination of life's origins

d. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions

b. Systematic study of society and social interaction

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as:

a. Dynamic equilibrium

b. Figuration

c. Dramaturgical analysis

d. Latent functions

b. Figuration

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's is ______

a. Micro-level; macro-level

b. They are both macro-level

c. They are both micro-level

d. Macro-level; micro-level

d. Macro-level; micro-level

A paradigm can be defined as:

a. The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated

b. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

c. The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion

d. Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

b. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

_______ believed that societies grew and changed as a results of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored _____

a. Comte: Anti-positivism

b. Max Weber; Positivism

c. Durkheim; Communism

d. Karl Marx; Communism

d. Karl Marx; Communism

The awareness of the relationship between a person's behavior and experience and the wider culture that shaped the person's choices and perceptions is called ___________

a. Sociological Imagination

b. Positivism

c. Social facts

d. Sociology

a. Sociological Imagination

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's _____ functions, the second is an example of the project's _____ function.

a. manifest; latent

b. latent; latent

c. latent; manifest

d. manifest; manifest

a. manifest; latent

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to-day exchanges between the two groups.

a. Structural functionalist

b. Conflict theorist

c. Feminist conflict theorist

d. Symbolic interactionist

d. Symbolic interactionist

Which of the following coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology

a. Auguste Comte

b. Emile Durkheim

c. Karl Marx

d. Max Weber

a. Auguste Comte

After teenage activists Greta and Bruno Rodriquez led school walk outs in their respective home countries of Sweden and Argentina, students around the world began staging similar types of protests. This is an example of:

a. Socialization

b. Diffusion

c. Innovation

d. Globalization

b. Diffusion

Xencentrism is:

a. The opposite of ethnocentrism

b. The same as cultural imperitivism

c. The opposite of cultural universalism

d. The opposite of cultural relativism

a. The opposite of ethnocentrism

Cultural relativism is the idea that

a. Culture is diffused throughout the world

b. Things should be viewed from one's own point of view

c. Cultures are created in reaction to social change

d. A phenomena should be understood and judged only in relation to the cultural context in which it appears

d. A phenomena should be understood and judged only in relation to the cultural context in which it appears

Janet is invited to a theme party on campus, at which time everyone is supposed to dress as their favorite video game character. She wears her normal attire - jeans and a lightweight jacket - and as a results not many people associate with her during the party. The host implies that Janet should leave, but doesn't demand it. Janet is experiencing:

a. Social control

b. Xenocentricism

c. Ethnocentricity

d. Formal sanction

a. Social control

A cultural universal is:

a. The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society

b. A written document outlining appropriate behavior

c. A pattern or trait common to all societies

d. An object or a belonging of a group

c. A pattern or trait common to all societies

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

Crossing streets in cross-walks

Paying taxes

Driving on the right hand side of the road

Making eye contact while speaking

d. Making eye contact while speaking

A(n) ______ is something that stands for something else, or anything to which people give meaning

a. Society

b. Symbol

c. Culture

d. Identity

b. Symbol

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

a. Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian outback

b. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

c. Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disapprove

d. Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona

b. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

Mores are

a. Strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior

b. Norms that provide guidelines for behavior

c. Often upheld through laws that bring serious repercussions

d. the ordinary customs of different group cultures

a. Strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior

For most of the 1990s and early 2000s, music fans usually had to purchase entire music albums even if they only wanted one or two songs. The iTunes store enabled individual song purchases to give the users more choice. What did this represent?

a. A diffusion

b. An innovation

c. A discovery

d. A culture shock

b. An innovation

The term values can be defined as:

a. Scripture found within the Bible

b. Federal laws and regulations

c. A cultures standard for discerning what's good and just in society

d. The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

c. A cultures standard for discerning what's good and just in society

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that:

a. There is no relationship between language and culture

b. Reality is the result of social inequality

c. Language provides the category through which social reality is defined

d. Language provides the category through which social reality is defined

d. Language provides the category through which social reality is defined

TJ notices that their new neighbor is building a machine in the backyard. When TJ inquires what it is, their neighbor explains that its a pumpkin catapult for a competition, and show Tj dozens of pictures of various national events and tournaments involving hundreds of people. TJ's neighbor is involved in a

a. Subculture

b. Counterculture

c. Culture

d. Out-group

a. Subculture

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

a. A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class

b. A power company turning off electricity because of lack of payment

c. A teacher publishing a late-submission policy

d. Someone being incarcerated because they damaged property

a. A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. As a result of the event, she has a difficult time speaking to members of her family, and questions her previous approach to style and fashion. Angelica is most likely experiencing ______

a. Xenocentricism

b. Culture shock

c. Globalization

d. Material culture

b. Culture shock

TV series like The Real Housewives and The Masked Singer are examples of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______

a. Jersey culture; low culture

b. High culture; low culture

c. High culture; popular culture

d. Popular culture; high culture

d. Popular culture; high culture

Society and culture _________

a. Could not exist without each other

b. Are the same thing

c. Could not exist together

d. Are unrelated

a. Could not exist without each other

Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____

a. A cultural universal

b. The countercultural

c. Non-material culture

d. Material culture

d. Material culture

What is one difference between a more and a folkway?

a. Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not

b. Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not

c. Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not

d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not

d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I have the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of ________

a. Xenocentrism

b. Paradigms

c. Moral relativism

d. Ethnocentrism

d. Ethnocentrism

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A _____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

a. Feminist

b. Functionalist

c. Conflict theorist

d. Symbolic interactionist

d. Symbolic interactionist

A group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture is called

a. Cities

b. Family

c. Social structures

d. Society

d. Society

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:

a. Personal identity isn't influenced by outside forces

b. Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image

c. People base their images on how they think other people see them

d. The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures

c. People base their images on how they think other people see them

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of _______

a. Role strain

b. Role performance

c. Ascribed status

d. Institutionalization

b. Role performance

Allowing people to coexist, even those with different values, is an example of

a. Mechanical solidarity

b. Organic Solidarity

c. Anomie

d. Capitalism

b. Organic Solidarity

_______ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern

a. Industrialization

b. Institutionalization

c. Rationalization

d. Habitualization

d. Habitualization

Durkheim defined _____ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

a. Collective conscience

b. The iron cage

c. Anomie

d. Bourgeoisie

a. Collective conscience

If a young girl in a family is expected to take on the cooking and cleaning roles while her mothers is at work, she is most likely aligning to:

a. Pretend status

b. Ascribed status

c. Achieved status

d. Underlying status

b. Ascribed status

The established position that one occupies within a social structure and that carries with it a degree of prestige is called a(n)

a. Occupation

b. Role

c. Role set

d. Status

d. Status

During the time of Karl Marx, if you were the owner of the means of production, you were the _______; and if you were the laborer you were the _______

a. Bourgeoisie; proletariat

b. Capitalist; consumer

c. Proletariat; bourgeoisie

d. Upper class; lower class

a. Bourgeoisie; proletariat

Place the following societies in chronological order:

a. Pastoral; Agricultural; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural

b. Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer' Horticultural; Agricultural

c. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

d. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural

c. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

a. The proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeois

b. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois

c. The enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat

d. The bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves

b. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois

A status that is earned is called an:

a. Ascribed status

b. Assumed status

c. Acquired status

d. Achieved status

d. Achieved status

Erving Goffman's analysis of interaction views the participants as actors on a stage. This perspective is called the _______ model of social interaction

a. impressionist

b. equalibrium

c. social exchange

d. dramaturgy

d. dramaturgy

The term institutionalization can be defined as:

a. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society

b. A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income

c. Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society

d. The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit

a. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as the "dawn of civilization" because

a. Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival

b. Cities and town were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities

c. Tribes became less nomadic instead of traveling to various locations in search of sustenance

d. Societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles

b. Cities and town were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities

The concept anomie can be defined as:

a. How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group

b. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness

c. When one or more of an individual's roles clash

d. A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests

b. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness

Which Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but is consistently told by her step-sisters and cousins that she is destined to live a life of poverty and failure. She believes that it must be true and starts doing poorly in school and eventually drops out. Charlotte is acting on ___________

a. Ascribed status

b. Self-fulfilling prophecy

c. Social construction of reality

d. Role strain

b. Self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

a. Alienation from the product of one's labor

b. Alienation from one's religion

c. Alienation from others

d. Alienation from one's self

b. Alienation from one's religion

A status that is occupied from the moment of birth, like your sex or race, is called an ___________

a. Assumed status

b. Acquired status

c. Achieved status

d. Ascribed status

d. Ascribed status

George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows:

a. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage

b. Game stage, play stage, generalized other stage, preparatory stage

c. Generalized other stage, preparatory stage, play stage, game stage

d. Preparatory stage, game stage, play stage, generalized other stage

a. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage

Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out  the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy and learning to navigate the educational system is an example of:

a. The hidden curriculum of schools

b. The influence of a total institution

c. The generalized other

d. The influences of one's peer groups

a. The hidden curriculum of schools

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed:

a. Developing her sense of morality

b. Developing her sense of self

c. A degradation ceremony

d. Anticipatory socialization

d. Anticipatory socialization

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of ________

a. Resocialization

b. Socialization

c. Anticipatory socialization

d. Role fulfillment

b. Socialization

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?

a. Buying a girl a toy kitchen to play with

b. Letting a girl wear pants to school

c. Taking a young boy to the aquarium

d. Allowing a boy to sleep with his blanket

a. Buying a girl a toy kitchen to play with

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?

a. Carol Gilligan

b. Sigmund Freud

c. Lawrence Kholberg

d. Erik Erikson

a. Carol Gilligan

Which of the following is a level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

a. All are levels

b. Preconventional

c. Conventional

d. Postconventional

a. All are levels

The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?

a. The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes.

b. All of the above

c. Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult

d. Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seem insurmountable

b. All of the above

In regard to "nature versus nurture" debate, sociologists would tend to emphasize___________

a. both

b. nature

c. neither

d. nurture

d. nurture

In an effort to control a total institution, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______

a. An entry test that must be passed

b. A degradation ceremony

c. A rite of passage

d. A security check

b. A degradation ceremony

The process through which people are taught to be proficient members of a society is called ________

Social interaction

b. Status acquisition

c. Self development

d. Socialization

d. Socialization

Peer groups are important to adolescents because:

a. They rank higher in importance to adolescents' than parental influence

b. They help exert dependence among adolescents

c. They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents

d. They provide the second major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

c. They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents

During a school music break, the teacher makes a student feel badly because the student cannot play the piano. The teacher expresses surprise because they happen to know that the child's parents are both professional musicians. Which arena is the core of the teacher's assumption.

a. Freud's theory of self-development

b. Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development

c. George Herbert Mead's theory of self development

d. Nature vs. Nurture

d. Nature vs. Nurture

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes?

a. In their teenage years

b. After they graduate from college

c. When they are born

d. When they first go to school

a. In their teenage years

According to Mead, children begin to take on the roles of significant people in their environment during the ______ stage of socialization

a. Game

b. Preoperational

c. Play

d. Imitation

c. Play

Which of the following is best described as part of re-socialization?

a. A worker using Google docs instead of Microsoft Word to write their memos

b. A parent punishing their child for repeating a behavior they were warned to stop

c. A parent restricting their little girl's use of her play kitchen after the girl says playing in the kitchen makes her "feel like mommy"

d. A worker discarding all their old post-it note reminders in favor of their new online calendar

d. A worker discarding all their old post-it note reminders in favor of their new online calendar

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing: and "ironing" her baby dolls clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying?

a. The game stage

b. The "generalized other" stage

c. The preparatory stage

d. The play stage

c. The preparatory stage

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate like to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?

a. A shift in her desire to enjoy life

b. Resocialization

c. A complete and permanent loss of herself

d. A shift in her reading habits

b. Resocialization

Erik Erikson's theory explains:

a. When human moral development begins in an individual

b. Why Rhesus monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food.

c. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life

d. How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality

c. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life

Re-socialization likely occurs in all of the following except?

a. When joining the military

b. In an extreme conversion

c. While losing a loved one

d. When going to prison

c. While losing a loved one

An instrumental leader:

a. Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader

b. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks

c. Rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement

d. Promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

b. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks

A total institution can be defined as:

a. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

b. A business which offers career advice for federal employees

c. A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy

d. A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making

a. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

The United States government is a form of:

a. a bureaucracy

b. a normative organization

c. a total institution

d. a coercive organization

a. a bureaucracy

Individuals often join _____ organizations for monetary reasons

a. Utilitarian

b. Coercive

c. Normative

d. Volunteer

a. Utilitarian

Tanya enrolls in a local community college so she can one day become an engineer. Tanya is about to become a member of a

a. Voluntary organization

b. Utilitarian organization

c. Normative organization

d. Coercive organization

b. Utilitarian organization

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _______

a. Reference group

b. Out-group

c. Secondary group

d. Aggregate

a. Reference group

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a bureaucracy?

a. Impersonality

b. Explicit rules

c. Personality-based promotion

d. Clear division of labor

c. Personality-based promotion

______ are small and intimate; _____ are larger and short lived

a. Secondary groups; primary groups

b. Primary groups; secondary groups

c. Categories; secondary groups

d. Triads; dyads

b. Primary groups; secondary groups

Sandy is standing in line for a newly released movie tickets. the line wraps around the block and spills out into the street.  Sandy is part of a(n)

a. Triad

b. Aggregate

c. Dyad

d. In-group

b. Aggregate

Christine is the president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call times, Christine leave the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _______ leader.

a. Democratic

b. Authoritarian

c. Laissez-faire

d. Republican

c. Laissez-faire

The concept of "reference groups" can be defined as

a. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way

b. Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain

c. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity

d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself

d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself

People that are less likely to interfere during an emergency or when a social norm is being violated if there are others around is called ______

a. Bystander effect

b. Social concern

c. Apathy

d. Group pressure

a. Bystander effect

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a

a. Voluntary organization

b. Utilitarian organization

c. Coercive organization

d. Paparazzi organization

c. Coercive organization

The McDonaldization of Society refers to:

a. The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal

b. The increasing popularity of McDonald's world wide

c. The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the US

d. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

d. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

Applied to a situation like the torture of Iraqi prisoners in American prison Abu Ghraib, Milgram's and Asch's finding would indicate that

a. There was serious breakdown in respect for authority that caused soldiers to violate the international standards for treatment of prisoners

b. American soldiers would only commit torture if following a direct order with fear of punishment for not carrying it out.

c. The cause of the American soldiers' inhumane treatment of prisoners is partly the structure of the situation and group pressure

d. Soldiers are more sadistic than the average college student or American citizen

c. The cause of the American soldiers' inhumane treatment of prisoners is partly the structure of the situation and group pressure

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

a. A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships

b. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

c. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face to face relationships

d. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function

b. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

a. A status based regime in which advancement is unlikely

b. The authoritarian devalue of an employee

c. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills

d. The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation

c. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

a. They are too weak to decide for themselves

b. Large groups never make mistakes

c. Dissent is a form of weakness

d. The group is better informed than they are

d. The group is better informed than they are

The overall purpose of the bureaucratic organization is

a. to alleviate suffering for the workers

b. to maximize efficiency

c. to be open to social change

d. to promote democracy

b. to maximize efficiency

Which of the following does not constitute cyber-bullying?

a. Sending threatening text messages

b. Sending threatening letters to someone's home

c. Posting embarrassing images of a person online

d. Hacking someone’s account and pretending to be him or her

b. Sending threatening letters to someone's home