Anatomy and Physiology - The Muscular System cp 11

Flashcards covering vocabulary and key concepts from the lecture notes on the muscular system.

Skeletal Muscles

Voluntary muscles, ~700. Primarily produce body movement.

Skeletal Muscles

What type of muscle is primarily responsible for producing body movement?

Muscle Contraction

Skeletal muscles pull on bones; some stabilize bones during movement.

Muscle Contraction

What do skeletal muscles do to bones during movement?

Origin

Muscle attachment that is usually stationary.

Origin

What is the term for the muscle attachment that is usually stationary?

Insertion

Muscle attachment at site that moves during contraction.

Insertion

Where is the muscle attachment located at the site that moves during contraction?

Lever

Rigid structure (bone) that moves around a fulcrum (joint).

Lever

What rigid structure moves around a fulcrum, and what is the fulcrum?

Effort

Force causing movement; exerted by skeletal muscles.

Effort

What kind of force causes movement and is exerted by the muscle?

Load

Force resisting movement; typically weight of body part.

Load

What kind of force resists movement and is typically the weight of a body part?

Fascicle Arrangement

Affects muscle range and force. Types: Parallel, Fusiform, Circular, Triangular, Pennate.

Fascicle Arrangement

What does fascicle arragement affect in the muscle?

Prime Mover (Agonist)

Contracts to create movement.

Prime Mover (Agonist)

What is the Prime Mover of the muscle?

Antagonist

Stretches and yields to prime mover's action.

Antagonist

What is the description of the term antagonist?

Synergists

Assist prime mover, stabilize intermediate joints.

Synergists

What is the function of the Synergists?

Fixators

Stabilize prime mover's origin to increase efficiency.

Fixators

What do fixators do to increase efficiency?

Occipitofrontalis

Facial expression muscle.

Occipitofrontalis

This muscle is an example of what kind of muscle?

Orbicularis oris

Facial expression muscle.

Orbicularis oris

This muscle is an example of what kind of muscle?

Zygomaticus major

Facial expression muscle.

Zygomaticus major

This muscle is an example of what kind of muscle?

Buccinator

Facial expression muscle.

Buccinator

This muscle is an example of what kind of muscle?

Orbicularis oculi

Sphincter around eye; closes when contracted.

Orbicularis oculi

What structure is this muscle? What happens when this muscle is contracted?

Levator palpebrae

Opens eyelid.

Levator palpebrae

Does this muscle open the eye, or close the eye?

Masseter

Mastication muscle; moves mandible.

Masseter

What is the masseter an example of?

Temporalis

Mastication muscle; moves mandible.

Temporalis

What is the temporalis an example of?

Medial pterygoid

Mastication muscle; moves mandible.

Medial pterygoid

What is the medialis pterygoid an example of?

Lateral pterygoid

Mastication muscle; moves mandible.

Lateral pterygoid

What is the lateral pterygoid an example of?

Suprahyoid muscles

Elevate hyoid, oral cavity floor, and tongue during swallowing.

Suprahyoid muscles

What do the suprahyoid muscles elevate?

Infrahyoid muscles

Depress hyoid bone; move larynx during swallowing/speech.

Infrahyoid muscles

What bone do infrahyoid muscles depress?

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscle that moves the head.

Sternocleidomastoid

What area does this muscle move?

Semispinalis capitis

Muscle that moves the head.

Semispinalis capitis

What area does this muscle move?

Splenius capitis

Muscle that moves the head.

Splenius capitis

What area does this muscle move?

Longissimus capitis

Muscle that moves the head.

Longissimus capitis

What area does this muscle move?

External oblique

Anterolateral abdominal wall muscle.

External oblique

What wall is this muscle apart of?

Internal oblique

Anterolateral abdominal wall muscle.

Internal oblique

What wall is this muscle apart of?

Transversus abdominis

Anterolateral abdominal wall muscle.

Transversus abdominis

What wall is this muscle apart of?