morals and ethics midterm

normative ethics

a branch of ethics concerned with establishing how one should act and what moral standards people should follow

metaethics

explores the nature, scope, and meaning of moral values, statements and judgements. It asks fundamental questions about the origin and objectivity of moral principles

utilitarianism

a consequentialist theory of ethics that advocates for actions that maximize overall happiness or well-being. The greatest happiness suggests that the morally right action is the one that produces the most benefit for the greatest number of people

epicureanism

advocating for the pursuit of happiness through simple pleasures, friendships, and the avoidance of pain. it is a philosophical system that emphasizes the importance of pleasure and tranquility as the highest goods, promoting a life of moderation and wisdom to achieve true happiness.

jermey bentham

an english philosopher and social reformer, considered the founder of modern utilitarianism. He advocates for the greatest happiness principle, which asserts that actions are right if they benefit the majority.

Deontology

emphasizes duties and riles. it suggests that actions are morally right or wrong based on adherence to rules and duties, regardless of consequence

immanuel kant

german philosopher known for his deontological ethical theory. He proposed the “categorical imperative”, which is a principle that people should act in ways that their actions could become universal laws for all.

applied ethics

a branch of ethics that deals with the practical application of moral considerations to real-world issues and dilemmas, such as bioethics, business ethics, and environmental ethics.

trolley problem

a moral experiment that explores ethical dilemmas involving a choice between sacrificing one life to save several others. It explores moral reasoning around sacrifice and utilitarian logic.