PMLS BASIC CONCEPTS ON LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY

Ira L. Baldwin

first scientific director of Camp Detrick

1943

What year is the origin of biosafety in the US biological weapons program

Arnold Wedum

described the use of mechanical pipettors to prevent Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAI)

1909

developed a ventilated cabinet to prevent infection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Camp Detrick

became the permanent installation of biological research and development after Second World War

1967

pursued the eradication of virus due to increasing mortality rate of smallpox

1974

Center for Disease control and Prevention (CDC) published Classification of Etiological Agents on the Basis of Hazard

1976

National Institute of Health published NIH guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules  introduction of a code of biosafety practices.

1983

laboratory Biosafety Manual by WHO

WHO

Who created the laboratory Biosafety Manual

1984

Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

1996

US government enacted the Select Agent Regulation  to monitor the transfer of a select list of biological agents from one facility to another.

American Biological Safety Association (ABSA) 1984

a regional professional society for biosafety and biosecurity

Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA) 2005

includes Singapore, Brunei, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Myanmar.

European Biological Safety Association (EBSA) June 1996

a nonprofit organization that aims to provide a forum for discussions and debates on issues of concern and to represent those working in the field of biosafety.

Philippine Biosafety and Biosecurity Association (PhBBA)

goal is to assist the DA and DOH in their efforts to create a national policy and implement plan for laboratory biosafety and biosecurity.

Biological Risk Association Philippines (BRAP)

A non- government and non-profit association that works to serve the emergent concerns of biological risk management in various professional field such as health, agriculture, and technology sectors throughout the country.

OSHA

mission is to "assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance”.

Occupational Safety and Health Association.

What does OSHA stand for?

Biosafety

“The containment principles, technologies, and practices that are implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins or their accidental release”

Biosecurity

“The protection, control, and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release.

Biosafety

protects people from germs

Biosecurity

protects germs from people

RG 1

No or low individual and community risk

RG 1

unlikely to cause human or animal disease

RG 2

Moderate individual risk, low community risk

RG 2

Can cause disease but unlikely to be a serious hazard

RG 2

Lab exposures may cause serious infection but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and risk of spread infection is limited

RG 3

High individual risk, low community risk

RG 3

Usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread. Effective treatment and preventive measure are available.

RG 4

High individual and community risk

RG 4

Usually causes serious human or animal disease and can be readily transmitted.

RG 4

Effective treatment and preventive measure are not usually available

BSL 4

Microbes are dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections, which are frequently fatal without treatment or vaccines. Few labs are at this level

BSL 4

Ebola and Marburg viruses

BSL 3

Microbes are indigenous or exotic and cause serious or potentially lethal diseases through respiratory transmission.

BSL 3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

BSL 2

Microbes are typically indigenous and are associated with diseases of varying severity. They pose moderate risk to workers and environment.

BSL 2

Staphylococcus aureus

BSL 1

Microbes are not known to cause disease in healthy hosts and pose minimal risk to workers and the environment

BSL 1

Nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli

Charles Baldwin

Who created the biohazard symbol

biohazard symbol

used in labelling biological materials carrying significant health risk.

Biosafety

originated in North America and Western Europe (1943) during the U.S. biological weapons program.

President Franklin Roosevelt.

Strict biosafety practices ordered by who

Newell A. Johnson

Designed Class III safety cabinets & laminar flow hoods

Morton Reitman

Worked with Wedum on risk evaluation at Fort Detrick.

Singapore

Biological Agents and Toxins Act with strict penalties.

South Korea

Infectious Disease Prevention Act (2005).

Japan

Infectious Disease Control Law (4 schedules of select agents).

Canada

Certification for containment levels 3–4 (2008).

Denmark

Law controlling biological agent possession and transport (2008).

Richard Nixon

Strict biosafety practices Terminated in 1969