Chem exam 2

How do nuclear reactions impact the structure of the atom?

by altering the nucleus

alpha decay

high energy helium nucleus

Beta decay

A high energy electron

Gamma ray

A high energy light wave with no charge

Positron

High energy anti-electron

Alpha partical penitration power

Can be stopped by paper or skin

Gamma ray penitration power

High penitration power needs lead or a large amount of high density concrete to stop it

Positron

Mid penitration power. Can be stopped by a few mm of aluminum

Alpha particles and the body

Can't pass through skin, but if ingested/inhaled can be very dangerous

Beta particles and the body

Can penitrate skin and possibly cause burns and radiation sickness

Positron and the body

Can penitrate skin, but are destroyed when they come in contact with a electron

Gamma rays and the body

Most dangerous and can penitrate all the way to the organs, causing major damage.

What happens when an antiparticle colides with a regular particle

They destroyed one another giving off gamma rays

Speed of light = wavelength x frequency

How to find wavelength or frequency

E =hv

Energy = planks constant x frequency

E=hc/(wavelength)

How to find energy without frequency

What experiment supported the idea of quantized energy

Photoelectric

Who discovered the photoelectric thing

Albert Einstein

What did Bohr mean by “quantized" when talking about electrons?

That an electron can only have certain predetermined energies and distances from the nucleus

Delta E = -chR_H (1/n²f - 1/n²i)

How do you find the change in energy

chR_H

-2.18E-¹⁸J

How do you know if it’s an emission

The value is negative

n

Principle quantum number/ distance from the nucleus

l

Secondary quantum number/ shape of orbital

m_l

Magnetic quantum number/ the axix or direction the orbital is in space

m_s

Magnetic spin / orientation of the electron