Atoms and Ions

Daltons Atomic Theory

1. All is made up of atoms

2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and property

3. Compounds are 2 or more different types of atoms combined

4. Chemicals reactions are rearrangement of atoms

Subatomic particles are…

1. Electron

2. Proton

3. Neutron

What is in the nucleus of an atom

Neuton and a proton

Proton properties are…

1. 1.6022 × 10^-9 C

2. Mass is 1 amu

What is atomic number

Atomic number is the number of protons

Neutron characteristics are…

1. Mass is 1 amu

What is in carbon 13

6 protons, 7 neutrons

What is the mass number

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

Electron characteristics

1. - 1. 6022 × 10^-19 C

2. Mass is negligible

3. Number of protons = number of electrons —> balanced

What are valence electrons

Valence electrons are on the outer most shell outside, they have the highest energy and participate in bonding

What is in the core of an atom

All except for valence electrons, # of electrons is 2n²

What is X

The symbol of the element

What is A

The mass number, # of protons + N

For mass number what remains the same?

The # of protons

What is Z

Atomic #, this is the # of protons

What happens when you change the number of protons?

New element is formed

What happens when you change the # of neurons

Isotopes are formed

What is an isotope

Atoms that have the same # of protons but different # of neutrons

What is atomic weight

It is the weighted average

What happens when you change the # of electrons

Ions are formed

Cations

1. Positive

2. Electrons are being lost

How do you calculate the electrical charge

Number of protons - number of electrons

Anions

1. Negative

2. Gaining an electron