Arteries of head and neck I

Where does the CCA bifurcate in the neck?

C3-C5

What does the CCA travel in as it ascends into the neck?

Carotid sheath (with IJV and CN X - Vagus)

Where doe the left and right CCA originate from?

L CCA directly from aortic arch; R CCA from brachiocephallic trunk

What 2 vessels provide blood to the brain?

Vertebral a. (1st branch off subclavian) and ICA

Describe the path of the vertebral artery as it comes off subclavian.

Branches off subclavian as it enters the neck, ascends and enters transverse foramina at C6 (miss C7), entera foramen magnum to enter posterior cranial fossa, L and R join to form basilar artery in the circle of willis.

What is to origin of the anterior spinal artery?

L and R vertebral artery

Where does the ICA enter the skull?

Carotid canal (gives off ophthalmic a. and branches of the circle of willis - posterior communicating a., anterior communicating a., anterior cerebral a.)

What arteries are part of the circle of willis?

Basilar a., posterior cerebral a., posterior communicating a., ICA, anterior communicating a., anterior cerebral a.

What are the 3 layer of mater covering the brain (superficial -> deep)

Dura, arachnoid, pia

What is a subdural hematoma?

Hemorrhage occur between arachnoid and meningeal layer dura due to a severed cerebral vein ("banana" shaped on CT)

What can cause a subdural hematoma?

Car accident, sudden change in velocity of the brain.

What vessels are vulnerable to lacerations from skull fractures (esp in the temple region)?

Branches of the middle meningeal artery

What is an epidural hematoma?

Hemorrhage occur between bone and dura due to severed middle meningeal a. (rounded on CT, may be able to palpate area)

What is a cerebral artery rupture (aneurysm/stroke/subarachnoid hematoma)?

Hemorrhaging blood within the arachnoid space (see gray surrounding brain on CT)

Subarachnoid bleeding symptoms occur rapidly/slowly.

Rapidly

Why does blood accumulate quickly in CSF space?

Arterial pressure

Blood will appear in a lumbar puncture in the case of a _____________ hematoma.

Subarachnoid

What are the primary branches of the ECA (inferior -> superior)

Superior thyroid a, ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a., facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., maxillary a., superficial temporal a.

What branch of the ECA supplies deep structures of the face (including the mandible, pterygoid, infratemporal fossa, and parts of the pterygopalatine fossa)?

Maxillary a.

Which divisions of the maxillary a. are within the infratemporal fossa?

1st (posterior to lateral pterygoid m.) and 2nd (lateral to lateral pterygoid m.)

What are the branches of the 1st division of the maxillary a.?

Deep auricular a., Anterior tympanic a., Middle meningeal a., Inferior alveolar a.

Inferior alveolar a. branches off to ...

Mylohyoid a. (provides floor of oral cavity) and mental a. (travel through mandibular foramen, mandibular canal, and exit mental foramen)

What are the branches of the 2nd division of the maxillary a.?

Anterior deep temporal a., Middle deep temporal a., Posterior deep temporal a., Buccal a., Masseteric a., Pterygoid branches

What are the branches of the 3rd division of the maxillary a.?

Pharyngeal a., Descending palatine a., A. of pterygoid canal, Phenopalatine a., Posterior superior alveolar a., Infraorbital a.

Which branches of maxillary a. supply maxillary dentition?

Posterior superior alveolar a. and infraorbital a.

What is the path of blood from the heart to palate (hard and soft)

Heart, CCA, ECA, Maxillary branch, Descending palatine a., Pterygopalatine fossa, branch to greater palatine a. (greater palatine foramen) to hard palate and lesser palatine a. (lesser palatine foramen) to soft palate

Which vessel follows a tortuous path between the nasolabial fold and medial canthus of the eye?

Facial a.

What are the cervical branches off the facial a.?

Ascending palatine a., tonsillar branch, submental a., glandular branches

Which artery supplies the submandibular gland?

Submental a.

What are the facial branches off the facial a.?

Inferior labial a., Superior labial a., lateral nasal branch., angular a.

What arteries supply the lips and cheeks?

Superior labial branch of facial a., superior labial branch of infraorbital a., inferior labial branch of facial a., buccal a., mental a.

What arteries supply the palate?

Greater palatine a., lesser palatine a., ascending palatine a.

What arteries supply the floor of the mouth and tongue?

Submental a. (o: facial a.), sublingual a. (to sublingual gland; o: lingual a.), deep lingual a. (to intrinsic mm.; o: lingual a.), muscular branches (tp extrinsic mm.; o: lingual a.)

What arteries supply the TMJ?

Superior temporal a. (ECA), deep auricular a. (max. a.), anterior tympanic a. (max. a.)

What arteries supply the frontal sinus?

Anterior ethmoidal a., supraorbital a. (Ophthalmic a.)

What arteries supply the ethmoid sinus?

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa. (Ophthalmic a) and nasal branches (Sphenopalatine a.)

What arteries supply the sphenoid sinus?

Post ethmoidal aa. (Ophthalmic a.) and nasal branches (sphenopalatine a.)

What arteries supply the maxillary sinus?

Infraorbital a., alveolar aa. (Maxillary a.)

What arteries supply the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Nasal branches of sphenopalatine a., facial a., anterior ethmoidal a., and posterior ethmoidal a.

What arteries supply the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Septal branches of sphenopalatine a., facial a., and anterior ethmoidal a.

What is the network of capillaries that contributes to most nosebleeds in the anterior nose?

Kisselbach plexus

What contributes to deeper nose bleeds?

Anterior and posterior ethmoid aa.

What arteries supply blood to the parotid duct and gland?

Transverse facial a. (superficial temporal a.) and indirectly from maxillary a.

What arteries supply the eyelids?

Supratrochlear a., supraorbital a., lacrimal a., dorsal nasal a., angular a., transverse facial a.

What arteries supply blood to the lacrimal gland?

Lacrimal a. from ophthalmic a. (ICA)

What arteries supply blood to the eyeball?

Short posterior ciliary a., Long posterior ciliary a., Long anterior ciliary a., Central retinal a.

Which artery that supplies the eyeball travels with the optic nerve?

Central retinal a.

What arteries supply the external ear?

Superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a., deep auricular a., anterior tympanic a.

What arteries supply the middle ear?

Posterior auricular a., anterior tympanic a., inferior tympanic a., superior tympanic a., caroticotympanic branch of ICA

What arteries supply the inner ear?

Labyrinthine a., posterior auricular a.