Organisation

What is the definition of a tissue in biology?

A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

What are the three main types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

What is the function of the heart?

To pump blood throughout the body.

What is an organ?

A structure composed of different tissues working together to perform specific functions.

Name the five main organs of the human body.

Heart, lungs, liver, brain, and kidneys.

What is the role of the lungs in the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood.

What is the function of the small intestine?

To absorb nutrients from digested food.

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

To catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

What are the four types of tissue in humans?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together?

Circulatory system transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs.

What is the function of the liver?

To detoxify chemicals, metabolize drugs, and produce proteins important for blood clotting.

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

What type of muscle is found in the heart?

Cardiac muscle.

What are stem cells?

Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types.

What is the importance of xylem in plants?

To transport water and nutrients from roots to other parts of the plant.

What is the function of phloem in plants?

To transport sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

What is the basic unit of life?

The cell.

What is a pathogen?

An organism that causes disease.

How do antibodies help the body?

By identifying and neutralizing pathogens.

What is a digestive enzyme?

An enzyme that helps break down food into smaller molecules.

What is the main function of red blood cells?

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

What role do platelets play in the body?

They help with blood clotting to prevent bleeding.

Define the term 'organ system'.

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

What is the role of the skin as an organ?

To protect the body, regulate temperature, and provide sensory information.

What is the function of the cerebrum in the brain?

To control higher brain functions such as thought, action, and emotion.

What does the term 'cell differentiation' mean?

The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function.

What is the primary purpose of the immune system?

To defend the body against pathogens.

What type of bond holds the different atoms in a molecule together?

Chemical bond.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Where does photosynthesis take place in plants?

In the chloroplasts.

What is respiration in biological terms?

The process of converting glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

How is energy stored in plants?

In the form of starch.

What is the function of chlorophyll?

To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

What are the main components of the circulatory system?

Heart, blood vessels, and blood.

How do you define a biome?

A large ecological area on the earth's surface with distinct plant and animal groups.

What is biodiversity?

The variety of life in the world or a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Why is biodiversity important?

It helps ecosystems function effectively and provides resources for humans.

What is a food chain?

A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

A food chain is a single pathway of energy flow, while a food web consists of multiple interconnected food chains.

What are macromolecules?

Large complex molecules typically composed of thousands of atoms.

What are the four types of macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

What is the role of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy.

What is an enzyme's active site?

The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.

What structure controls entry and exit of substances in and out of a cell?

The cell membrane.

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

To filter blood and produce urine.

What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

What does the term 'reflex action' mean?

An automatic response to a stimulus.