SOC 100 McGinn Final Exam

What is DACA and what is its current status? 

DACA was an act to not deport those children brought by undocumented parents, it was reversed

What is DREAMER and what is its current status?

Dreamer was an act to protect young immigrants from being deported, it’s in the senate

Which of the 3 immigration issues did Biden push

Biden pushed to legalize the undocumented 

Which of the 3 immigration issues did Trump push

Enforcement

What are the three major issues about immigration that are addressed in recent legislative attempts and Presidential actions?

1. Find ways to regularize undocumented immigrants

2. Improve system for legal immigration

3. Enforcement

What are the two approaches/goals of intransigent nativism?

1. Excludes (immigration laws)
2. "Forces assimilation" (tries to americanize ppl ASAP)

Acculturation

Acculturation: acquire language and cultural fluency, but retain key elements of the immigrants’ culture

Sinophobia

Sinophobia: fear of chinese

Xenophobia

Xenophobia: fear of strangers 

Nativism

Nativism: discrimination against the foreign-born

What is chain immigration?

Immigrants move based on stories from relatives and friends who have gone ahead

From what region is the highest percentage of new immigrants to the US?

Asia

From what nation is the highest percentage of foreign-born Americans?

Mexico

Approximately what percent of the US population is currently foreign born? Is this at an all-time high?

13.7%, lower than the high of 15% in 1900

What were the 4 major US policies about immigration from 1882-1986?

Chinese Exclusion Act,

National origin System,

Immigration & Nationality Act (Hart-Cellar Act),

Immigration Reform & Control act that reduced illegal immigration 

Per Michele Wucker, what is the Law of Blood?

Law of blood: citizen if  born to qualified parents 

Per Michele Wucker, what is the Law of Soil?

Law of soil: citizen if you are born here

Per Michele Wucker, what are the differences between migrant-sending and migrant-receiving nations?

Migrant-sending nations: developing nations who export workers,hoping they will send money home. Offering these migrants dual citizenship is one way to retain their loyalty

Migrant receiving nations: developED nations with older populations who need to fill their work force and tax base Offering these migrants voting rights is one way to reward their participation

What does President Biden want to do about US Healthcare?

Biden wants to un-do the damage Trump did to affordable care act and strengthen it further. Still a private/public hybrid

Where does the US rank for the 5 frequently used measures of health

U.S. ranks near the bottom in just about every category for developed countries

What assertions about research are made by Babbie?

The importance of research & observed data (not just numbers)

What assertions about research are made by Best?

Be careful with statistics/don’t trust statistics (Damned Lies & Statistics)

Positivism

This scholarly approach attempts to study society by using natural science tactics.

-objective
-uncovering natural laws
-scientific
-hard facts

Verstehen (Relativism)

This scholarly approach attempts to study society through the viewpoints/experiences from those in that society.

-subjective
-understanding the experience of the subjects

Quantitative

Type of data is objective/numerical and is good for broad analysis

Qualitative

What type of data is subjective/experiential and more about deeper understanding rather than applicability to the total population?

Is a survey qualitative or quantitative

Quantitative

Activism

An intentional effort to create change

Activism Triangle (Activism, Research, and Theory)

Activism can create interest in research and improve theories, but both of those categories can induce activism as well.

13 Categories of Physical World Activism

Consciousness Raising

Community Building

Lobbying

Media activism

Propaganda

Economic Activism (Boycott, Divestment)

Protest

Strike

Action

Non-Violent Confrontation

Hacktivism

Violent Confrontation

Revolution

Social Movement

An organized social group that acts with continuity and coordination to promote or resist change in society or other social units.

Types of Collective Behavior

Social movements, crowds, panic, riots, fads, fashion, hysterical contagion, scapegoating, etc.

Types of Social Movements

Alternative - to change one behavior; AA

Redemptive - personal transformation movements; hippie, new age religions

Reform - social change movements; environmental and animal rights movements

Revolutionary - reactionary movements; Aryan Nation

Who came up with the Resource Mobilization Theory?

Mayer Zald (UM Alum)

Stiglitz' Main Ideas

"The Markets weren't working."

• Markets should be efficient.

• Markets should be stable.

"Political systems did not correct the market failures."

• Governments are managing globalization poorly - for the benefit of special interests.

"Economic and political systems seemed unfair."

• The "equal opportunity" to move up in America seems to have disappeared.

Stiglitz' Thesis

Politics have shaped our market failures, advantaging those at the top and disadvantaging everyone else.

To make the economy work better for the majority, we need to re-balance markets and the government.

Part of the government's role will be redistribution of income WHEN income is too disparate.

Why does Stiglitz blame US economic inequality on the government?

The government attempted to correct the markets but instead made them worse.

What was Adam Smith's approach to the markets? (His Catchphrase)

The invisible hand

What is the key trend in the US economy over the past 30 years that Stiglitz identifies and discusses?

Economic inequality has grown to a point that is dangerous.

Trickle Down Economics

Investing in the upper class [i.e. the job creators] causes them to increase business and create benefits [jobs] for those in the lower classes.

Role of Education in opportunity

Education DOES help to provide opportunity, but the rich get a better education:

74% of students in highly selective colleges are from the top 15% of income; only 9% are from the bottom half.

Gini coefficient

The measure from 0 (everyone has equal wealth) to 1 (one person has all wealth) of inequality within a country.

A dangerous level is 0.50, and 0.30 is the desired level.

Which explanatory variable is most important for women in terms of group income disparity?

Industry and occupation (51%)

Which explanatory variable is most important for African Americans in terms of group income disparity?

Education and work experience (52%)

What Ethnic group (& Gender) is higher than the average income of white men?

Asian Men

Which groups (Ethnic & Gender) have improved significantly since 1980, in terms of closing the wage gap with white males?

White and Asian Women (22￠)

What is the effect of sexuality on pay (up, down, the same) for gay & bisexual women?

Same

What is the effect of sexuality on pay (up, down, same) for gay men?

Down

(10-32% less than similarly qualified heterosexual men)

What is the effect of sexuality on pay (up, down, the same) for transgender women?

Down

(Earnings fell by 30%)

What is the effect of sexuality on pay (up, down, the same) for transgender men?

Up (Slightly)

What are the two scenarios that Stiglitz describes as the alternative futures of the US?

Reform (inequality lessens) or Revolt (current trend continues)

5 Economic Alternatives to Stiglitz

Economic inequality:

1. is Efficient and Fair.

2. is Natural and Necessary in Capitalism.

3. The Markets will Correct over time.

4. It's not the Government's role to Intervene.

5. The Fix is "Bottom-up", not "Top-down".

5 Frequently used measures of health

• Amenable Mortality Rate

• Life Expectancy at Birth

• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

• Infant Mortality

• Heart Disease

What are two key problems with United States health/healthcare?

Healthcare varies by group and cost of healthcare

(due to social factors i.e. wealth, race, status)

Structural Inequities

This term is the systematic disadvantage of one social group over another.

Systematic difference in the opportunities groups have to achieve optimal health, leading to unfair and avoidable differences in health outcomes.

4 Mechanisms for Structural Inequities

Policy, law, governance, culture - all contribute to Systematic Disadvantages among certain groups.

Social Determinants of Health

Conditions in social environments (places where people live, learn, work, play, worship, etc.) that affect health risks, health outcomes, and quality of life outcomes.

Connections between Structural Inequities & Social Determinants of Health

Structural inequities (racism, sexism, classism, able-ism, xenophobia, homophobia, etc.) use policy, law, and cultural norms to sort people into social environments that are rich or poor in the social determinants of health.

9 Social Determinants of Health Examples

1. Education

2. Income & Wealth

3. Employment

4. Health Systems & Services

5. Housing

6. Physical Environment

7. Transportation

8. Social Environment

9. Public Safety

3 Factors that contribute to unequal distribution of healthcare

1. Imbalance of primary care and specialist physicians.

2. Healthcare attached to employment.

3. Unequal by identity groups, region, and education.

What are 3 current examples of government provided (socialized) health care in US?

Medicare and Medicaid and Tricare

2 key issues that contribute to the High cost of (U.S.) Healthcare

• Hospitals are getting more expensive and positions (doctors) are getting more expensive.

• Hospital technology is expensive and doctors are continuing to specialize.

8 Practices that reduce (U.S.) healthcare cost

1. Emphasize primary care

2. Stick to what works ("standard of care")

3. Emphasize prevention

4. IM efficiencies through IT

5. Manage chronic disease

6. Import/negotiate for cheaper drugs

7. Pay providers less

8. Consumer-directed health care

(The first five provisions of) the Massachusetts Plan

1. Individual coverage mandate for all state residents.

2. Fair Share Assessment for Employers

3. "Commonwealth Connector"

4. Sliding Scale Subsidies

5. Medicaid Expansion for Children

Did the Massachusetts plan succeed in providing healthcare insurance for more people?

Yes (but it was not perfect)

What Obamacare accomplished (beyond what the Massachusetts plan provided)

Addressed the disparity between specialists and general practitioners and offered better health education for inner-city/rural areas.

Explain the Canadian Single Payer system for healthcare?

Hospital/doctor bills FIRST go to government, which pays basic

coverage for everyone. Unpaid balance returned to patient.

Patient may have private insurance coverage to cover part or all of

balance, or pays “out-of-pocket.”

Is ethnographic research quantitative or qualitative

Qualitative

Stiglitz view on trickle down economics

Stiglitz' believes this is fraudulent and doesn't work.

6 key facts from the Pew Research Center

1. Over the past 50 years, the highest-earning 20% of U.S. households have steadily brought in a larger share of the country’s total income.

2. Income inequality in the U.S. is the highest of all the G7 nations, according to data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

3. The black-white income gap in the U.S. has persisted over time.

4. Overall, 61% of Americans say there is too much economic inequality in the country today, but views differ by political party and household income level.

5. The wealth gap between America’s richest and poorer families more than doubled from 1989 to 2016

6. Middle-class incomes have grown at a slower rate than upper-tier incomes over the past five decades

Gini Coefficient for the USA

The U.S. is about 0.45 approximately.

In analyzing group income differences, which is the most important factor for women?

Industry and occupation (51%)

In analyzing group income differences, which is the most important factor for African Americans?

Education and work experience (52%)

Marx’s word for action in the world

(Marx called this praxis)

Three levels of Milbrath’s Hierarchy

Digital Gladiatorial Activities

Digital Transitional Activities

Digital spectator activities

What characterizes Digital Gladiatorial Activities (Milbrath’s Hierarchy)

data activism, exposure, hacktivism

What characterizes Digital Transitional Activities (Milbrath’s Hierarchy)

political consumerism, digital petitions, botivism, e-funding

What characterizes Digital spectator activities (Milbrath’s Hierarchy)

clicktivism, metavoicing, assertion

Michigan theorist famous for early social movement theory of resource mobilization

Mayer Zald (UM Alum)

5 Key Social Movement Theories

Mass Society Theory

Relative Deprivation Theory

Resource Mobilization Theory

Rational Choice (Karl-Dieter Opp)

New Social Movement Theory

Jane Addams Time Frame

Late 1800s to 1930s

Jane Addams Location

Chicago

Jane Addams Themes

Social Activist.

- Founded the Hull-House.

- Also founded "Chicago Women's School of Sociology".

- Became the most prominent woman in America at the time.

Jane Addams Style/Approach

Her sociological writing derived from her "hands-on" activism, working with the poor of Chicago, especially immigrants, especially women.

Saul Alinsky time Frame

1900s

Saul Alinsky Location

Chicago

Saul Alinsky Themes

- Generally considered the father of community organizing.

- Called mainstream liberalism "passive" and "ineffective."

- "Any means necessary" mentality.

Saul Alisnky Style/Approach

He organized Chicago neighborhoods for political action, beginning in the 1930s. He Later organized stockholders to lend their votes to "proxies", who would vote at annual stockholders meetings to support social justice. (Precursor of shareholder activism.)

Balance Sociologist between Addams and Alinsky

Martin Luther King Jr

Who does medicare service

Elderly

Who does medicaid service

low income and disabled

Who does tricare serviceservice members and veterans