HLTH 270: Test 2

Rationales For An Integrated Movement Behaviour Approach

All movement behaviours influence health and are interconnected

Four Approaches For Integrating Movement Behaviours

Adherence to Movement Guidelines, Examining Effects of Intensity of Movement In Levels of Another, Independent Effects of Two Movement Behaviours, Compositional Data Analysis

Adherence to Recommendations in 24 Hour Movement Guidelines

The more guideline recommendations a person adheres to, they healthier they will be

Examining The Effects of One Intensity of Movement Within Levels of Another

Looks at only two movement behaviours instead of all three

Independent Effects of Two Movement Behaviours

1st line does not account for one movement behaviour, while 2nd line does account for and is adjusted to that behaviour

Compositional Data Analysis

Allows us to put and measure all movement behaviours together

Displacement Between Sedentary Time and MVPA

Decreased sedentary time for increased MVPA leads to greater health effects

Displacement Between Sleep Time and MVPA

Decreased sleep time for increased MVPA leads to moderate health effects

Displacement Between LIPA and MVPA

Decrease LIPA for increased MVPA leads to moderate health effects

Displacement Between Sedentary Behaviours and Sleep Time

Decrease sedentary behaviours for increased sleep time leads to small health effects

Displacement Between Sedentary Behaviours and LIPA

Decrease sedentary behaviours for increased LIPA leads to small health effects

Theoretical Frameworks

Collection of established concepts, theories, and assumptions that acts as a guide for researchers

Socioecological Model

Theoretical framework used to examine how the different determinants and levels of influence work together to shape people's health behaviours

Socioecological Model's Levels of Influence

Individual, Interpersonal, Institutional, Community, and Policy

Individual Level of Influence

Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills, and Behaviours

Interpersonal Level of Influence

Friends, Family, and Social Networks

Institutional Level of Influence

Organizations, Schools, and Workplaces

Community Level of Influence

Cities, Neighbourhoods, Resources, and Norms

Policy Level of Influence

Federal, State, and Local Legislation

6 Major Social Environment Factors Shaping Movement Behaviours

Socioeconomic Status, Social Inequalities, Family and Household Context, Peer Networks, Digital and Online Environments, Work and School Structures

Socioeconomic Status

Reflects access to material and social resources that shape opportunities for healthy movement behaviours

Mechanisms of Socioeconomic Status

Sleep, Sedentary Behaviour, and MVPA

Socioeconomic Status and Sleep

Low-income families are more likely to experience household overcrowding, live in neighbourhoods with noise and light pollution, and face irregular shift work

Socioeconomic Status and Sedentary Behaviours

Families with limited resources may rely more on screen-based entertainment, desk-based jobs increase sitting time

Socioeconomic Status and MVPA

High SES leads to more access to organized sport, quality facilities, safe outdoor spaces in neighbourhoods, and discretionary time

Socioeconomic Interventions At The Individual Level

Provide information and resources for free, and have low cost physical activity opportunities

Socioeconomic Interventions At The Interpersonal Level

Support parents in setting screen time and sleep routines

Socioeconomic Interventions At The Organizational Level

School-based sleep hygiene interventions tailored to disadvantaged families

Socioeconomic Interventions At The Community Level

Free after-school PA programs in low-income neighbourhoods

Socioeconomic Interventions At The Policy Level

Enforce fair labor standards to limit long or irregular shift work

Social Inequalities

Broader inequities rooted in racism, colonization, discrimination, and systemic disadvantage

Mechanisms of Social Inequalities

Sleep, Sedentary Behaviours, and MVPA

Social Inequalities and Sleep

Discrimination-related stress leads to poorer sleep quality

Social Inequalities and Sedentary Behaviours

Unsafe neighbourhoods reduce outdoor play, leading to more indoor sedentary time

Social Inequalities and MVPA

Systemic barriers like cultural exclusion and discrimination in sport limit participation

Social Inequality Interventions and Policies

Culturally safe and community-driven programs, Address systemic racism in sport and health policy, And Improve recreation and housing infrastructure in underserved communities

Family and Household Context

Refers to the structure, routines, and dynamics within the household that shape daily time use

Mechanisms of Family and Household Context

Sleep, Sedentary Behaviours, and MVPA

Family and Household Contexts and Sleep

Bedtime routines, Household Chaos, Parental Work schedules influence kid's bedtimes

Family and Household Contexts and Sedentary Behaviours

Household rules around screens, Family culture of screen use, Sibling modelling

Family and Household Contexts and MVPA

Parent modeling, Joint family activity, Household resources, Parental encouragement

Family and Household Contexts Intervention At The Interpersonal Level

Promote joint family PA, Family step challenges, Weekend active outings

Family and Household Contexts Intervention At The Organizational Level

Homework policies mindful of family time and sleep

Family and Household Contexts Intervention At The Community Level

Parenting support programs that include information on healthy screen and sleep routines

Peer Networks

Refers to friends, classmates, teammates, colleagues, and broader social groups

How Peer Networks Operate

Through social norms, role modeling, peer pressure, and shared activities

Mechanisms of Peer Networks

Sleep, Sedentary Behaviours, and MVPA

Peer Networks and Sleep

Peer socializing delays bedtime, Norms around "all-nighters" in University normalize sleep loss

Peer Networks and Sedentary Behaviours

Peers influence gaming, streaming, and social media use, Sit together during social hangouts

Peer Networks and MVPA

Peer support and encouragement predictor of youth activity, Social identity reinforces active lifestyles

Peer Networks Interventions and Policies

School and community programs to promote physical activity and healthy sleep, Team-based activities replacing sedentary socializing, Digital peer campaigns promoting screen curfews and sleep hygiene

Digital and Online Environments

The influence of social media, gaming, virtual work and study platforms on daily time use

Mechanisms of Digital and Online Environments

Sleep, Sedentary Behaviours, and MVPA

Digital and Online Environments and Sleep

Screen light delays melatonin and online peer pressure extends bedtime

Digital and Online Environments and Sedentary Behaviours

Hours spent gaming, streaming, scrolling

Digital and Online Environments and MVPA

Wearables and apps can motivate physical activity

Digital and Online Environments Interventions At The Organizational Level

Promote digital literacy and healthy screen habits

Digital and Online Environments Interventions At The Policy Level

Public health guidelines for screen curfews and device-free bedrooms

Mechanisms of Work and School Structures

Sleep, Sedentary behaviour, and MVPA

Work and School Structures and Sleep

Early school start times reduce adolescent sleep, Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms

Work and School Structures and Sedentary Behaviours

Prolonged sitting in classrooms and offices

Work and School Structures and MVPA

Gender roles in sport, Cultural views of outdoor activity, Body image ideals

Work and School Structures Interventions and Policies

Delayed school start times, Introduce active classrooms, Workplace wellness policies

The Physical Environment

The tangible, external conditions in which people live, work, study, and play

Elements of the Physical Environment

Built, Natural, Home, Institutional, and Neighbourhood and Community Environments

Built Environment

Recreation facilities, streets, sidewalks, parks

Natural Environment

Weather, daylight, green and blue space

Home Environment

Household layout, yard, bedroom design, access to equipment

Institutional Environment

Schools and workplaces

Neighbourhood and Community Environment

Safety, Walkability, Air, Noise, and Light pollution, Recreational space

The Household Setting

The space where most sleep and a large portion of sedentary time occurs

Home and Immediate Environments and Sleep

Lack of noise, Cool room, Comfortable bed, Lack of light, Cleanliness of room, Stress within the space, Device presence

Home and Immediate Environments and Sedentary Behaviours

Screens in bedrooms and living rooms, Layout of the space, Furniture, Automation

Home and Immediate Environments and MVPA

Yard size and home exercise equipment

Home and Immediate Environments Interventions At The Interpersonal Level

Create a bedroom environment that promotes good sleep

Home and Immediate Environments Interventions At The Organizational Level

Promote "device-free bedrooms" at school

Home and Immediate Environments Interventions At The Community Level

Initiate equipment lending programs

Home and Immediate Environments Interventions At The Policy Level

Improve housing quality and affordability

Institutional Environments

Structures and policies in schools, universities, and workplaces that shape daily routines

Institutional Environments and Sleep

School start times, Workload and homework, Shift schedules

Institutional Environments and Sedentary Behaviours

Classroom seating, Office desks, Long meetings

Institutional Environments and MVPA

Recess design, PE access, Workplace gyms, Intramurals, Active breaks

Institutional Environments Interventions At The Institutional Level

Create active classrooms and flexible work schedules

Institutional Environments Interventions At The Community Level

Partnerships with local recreation centers for student and staff access

Institutional Environments Interventions At The Policy Level

Mandate later school start times and enforce occupational standards for breaks

Neighbourhood and Community Environments

Refers to the built, social, and natural environments where people live, travel, and interact

Neighbourhood and Community Environments and Sleep

Noise pollution and artificial light at night

Neighbourhood and Community Environments and Sedentary Behaviours

Car-oriented neighbourhoods and unsafe neighbourhoods

Neighbourhood and Community Environments and MVPA

Walkability, Bike lanes, Greenspace, Safety

Neighbourhood and Community Environments Interventions At The Community Level

Community design that prioritizes safe and accessible recreation spaces

Neighbourhood and Community Environments Interventions At The Policy Level

Zoning for mixed-use investment sidewalks and cycling infrastructure

Natural Environment and Weather

Refers to exposure to green and blue spaces and weather, daylight, and seasonal variation

Natural Environment and Weather and Sleep

Seasonal variation in daylight affects circadian rhythms, Extreme heat associated with short and fragmented sleep, Green and blue spaces associated with less stress and better sleep

Natural Environment and Weather and Sedentary Behaviours

Harsh weather encourages indoor sedentary time

Natural Environment and Weather and MVPA

Outdoor conditions strongly influences physical activity patterns

Natural Environment and Weather Interventions At The Community Level

Seasonal physical activity programming, like indoor walking clubs in the winter

Natural Environment and Weather Interventions At The Policy Level

Climate adaptation policies prioritizing low-resource communities

Impact of Interventions Applying Behaviour Change Theories

Interventions applying behaviour change theories are far more likely to be effective

Socioecological Model Core Idea

Movement behaviour is shaped by multiple interacting levels of influence

Socioecological Model Application to Movement Behaviours

Movement behaviours are more likely to change if interventions impact factors at multiple levels