c220 func groups and nomenclature

only carbon-carbon single bonds

alkanes

one or more carbon-carbon double bond

alkenes

one or more carbon-carbon triple bond

alkynes

define alkyl

one hydrogen missing compared to alkane

One carbon

methane

Two carbons

Ethane

Three Carbons

Propane

Four Carbons

Butane

Five carbons

Pentane

Six carbons

Hexane

Seven Carbons

Heptane

Eight Carbons

Octane

Nine Carbons

Nonae

10 Carbons

Decane

Alkyl substiuent of methane

methyl

Alkyl substiuent of ethane

ethyl

Alkyl substiuent of propane

propyl

Alkyl substiuent of butane

butyl

Alkyl substiuent of pentane

Pentyl

Alkyl substiuent of Hexane

Hexyl

Alkyl substiuent of Heptane

Heptyl

Alkyl substiuent of Nonane

Nonyl

Alkyl substiuent of Decane

Decyl

What seperates numbers?

commas

what seperates numbers from words

-

-ch3 group

methyl

-ch2-ch3 group

ethyl

-ch2ch2ch3 group

propyl

-ch(ch3)2 group

isopropyl

-ch2ch(ch3)2 group

isobutyl

what to notice with isopropyl

3 carbon chain attached at the middle

name

5-isopropylnonane

fork where one ch connects two ch3 groups

ISO

iupac name

1-bromo-4-methylcyclohexane

CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)-

sec-butyl

(CH₃)₂CHCH₂-

iso-butyl

pKa of Carboxylic acids

3-5

pKa of Water

15.7

pKa of HCl

-7

pKa of Alchohol/Water

16

pKa of Terminal alykne

25

pKa of NH₃

38

pKa of Alkene

44

pKa of Alkanes

50

Acid base equilibria favors which side

weaker acid + weaker base

pK_eq =

pKa(rxn) - pKa(prd)

keq=

10^(-pKeq)

What degree + name

1st degree alkyl chloride

What degree + name

2nd degree alkyl chloride

What degree + name

3rd degree alkyl chloride

What degree

1st

What degree

2nd (secondary)

What degree

3rd (tertiary)

What is an ether

oxy bonded to two carbons

what functional group

Ether

wehat

primary amine

wehat

secondary amine

wehat

tertiary amine (3rd)

what degree

secondary

what is a carbonyl group

carbon double bonded to oxy

c=o represents a

carbonyl group

CH₃CHO represents a

Aldehyde

Aldehyde

Ketone

(CH₃)₂CO

Ketone

The functional group with a carbonyl and an alchohol is known as a

carboxlyic acid

carboxylic acid

carbonyl group attached to an oxygen attached to a carbon

ester

nitrogen attached to a carbonyl

amide

benzene ring attached directly to molecule

phenyl

benzene ring attached to a ch2 then to molecule

benzyl

phenyl

benzyl

Name + Acidity CH₃–C(=O)–OH

Acetic acid 4.8

Name + acidty H-O-H

14

CH₃CH₂OH

Ethanol

16

HC≡CH

Ethyne (acetylyne)

25

H-H

35

H₂N–H

Ammonia
38

CH₂=CH₂

Ethene
44

ch3-h

methane
50